Biological Psychology

The Grafton Group Project

Understudy Names: Stephen Bray B00037534 Johnny GeraghtyB00020240 Alan LennonB00020051 Emmet Toft B00015911 [pic] Module Name:Strategic Management 2 Lecturer:Mr Liam Bolger Submission Date:29th April, 2010 Word Count:10,413 Table of Contents Background of the company:2 History of the company:3 The Environment7 PESTEL analysis7 Political7 Economic7 Sociocultural8 Ireland populace by Age 20069 Technology10 Environment10 Legal10 Key drivers for change10 The Industry11 Porters Five Forces analysis11 Substitute items/services12 Bargaining intensity of buyers12 Bargaining intensity of suppliers12 Rivalry/Competition13 Openings and Threats14 Opportunities identified15 Threats identified16 Financial Information Analysis17 Analysis of Financial Reports18 Liquidity Ratios18 Profitability Ratios20 Net Profit Margin per Segment20 Earnings per share (EPS)21 Analysis:23 Liquidity:23 Profitability:24 Debt:24 Return on Investment:24 Borrowings:25 issues with getting to credit. 25 Share Price26 Source http:investor/graftongroupplc. com27 Liquidity: Excellent27 Financial Strength:Excellent27 Profitability: Fair27 Growth: 027 Source www. corporateinformation. com27 Outlook for the Future28 Rationalization measures:29 Plans for 2010:29 Opportunities 2010:29 Group Strengths30 Weaknesses31 Strategic Capability31 Critical Success factors for clients (an example of however not restricted to):33 Corporate Governance35 Grafton Group’s Compliance with the Combined Code36 The Board †who reports to whom? 37 Directors’ Independence and Board Balance38 Performance of the Board39 Corporate Social Responsibility †CSR and Ethics39 Shareholder and Stakeholder Expectations and Influences41 Culture of Organizations and Grafton Group43 Strategic Direction and Corporate level strategy44 Corporate Parent44 The corporate parent as a Synergy manager45 Vital Drift46 International Strategy48 Table Pre-Merger48 Table Post-Merger50 Traditional purposes behind Merger failure51 Through a potential merger Grafton may:52 Strategic Directions53 Market Consolidation54 Market Diversity (Related)55 International technique †Travis Perkins and Grafton merger? 56 Bibliography59 Plagiarism Disclaimer:60 Background of the organization: Grafton Group plc is a free, benefit development situated organization with tasks principally in the UK and furthermore in Ireland. The Group has solid national and provincial situations in the merchanting, DIY retailing and mortar markets. The Group means to accomplish better than expected returns for investors. Grafton’s methodology is to expand on solid situations in organizations serving the UK and Irish development divisions, to create in related markets, and to develop in organizations with which it is recognizable. In Great Britain, Grafton is the fourth biggest merchanting business exchanging from 430 areas involving 219 Builders Merchanting branches exchanging chiefly under the Buildbase and Jackson brands and 211 Plumbers Merchanting branches exchanging primarily under the Plumbase brand. EuroMix is the market head in the UK dry mortar advertise where it exchanges from a system of nine assembling plants in England and Scotland. In Northern Ireland, MacNaughton Blair is one of the main builder’s shippers in the territory where it exchanges from 20 areas. In the Republic of Ireland, the Group is the biggest manufacturers and plumber’s merchanting business exchanging broadly from 62 branches under the Chadwicks and Heiton Buckley brands. The Group is the market chief in DIY retailing in the Republic of Ireland, exchanging broadly from 41 stores and is additionally occupied with the assembling of mortar, plastics and windows in the Republic of Ireland. Today, in Ireland, Grafton is the biggest manufacturers and handymen traders and the unmistakable market pioneer in DIY retailing. In the UK the Group’s merchanting activity is the fourth biggest in the market. 2005 turnover was â‚ ¬2. 6 billion and Profit after Tax added up to â‚ ¬166 million. History of the organization: Grafton’s beginnings go back to 1902 and from that point forward the Chadwick family have assumed a focal job in the improvement of the business. 1909 William Thomas Chadwick sets up his first business called Chadwicks (Dublin) Limited to flexibly developers vendors and significant structure temporary workers with Irish and imported concrete and mortar. Today Chadwicks is the second biggest manufacturers and handymen merchanting brand in Ireland, exchanging from 31 branches broadly. 1930 William Chadwick obtains control of a little firm occupied with the production of solid squares and rooftop tiles, which his organization was providing with concrete. In 1931 Concrete Products of Ireland was enrolled as a private constrained organization. Today it is called CPI Limited and is a main maker of dry mortar in the Irish market. William Chadwick, the Group’s organizer, kicks the bucket toward the finish of the Second World War, leaving the business to his two children †Terence and Finton Chadwick. 1965 Concrete Products of Ireland turns into an open organization and buys Chadwicks (Dublin) Limited from the Chadwick family. Simultaneously Marley Limited expands its holding to 51%. Marley’s relationship with Concrete Products of Ireland goes back to the finish of the Second World War when Marley procured a minority shareholding. 985 Mr. Michael Chadwick is named Executive Chairman. 1987 Marley plc chooses to focus on the assembling of building materials and as a result sold its controlling shareholding in the Group. The Marley shareholding was put with institutional financial specialists and the Group’s the board. The Group opens its first DIY retailing store in the Irish market. 1988 The Group chang es its name to Grafton Group plc and makes its first UK procurement, a little warming and plumbing business which gives the Group recognition with the huge UK merchanting market. 990 The Group secures MacNaughton Blair a since quite a while ago settled and notable Belfast-based manufacturers vendors. Likewise during the year Grafton secures Joseph Kelly and Son (1994) Limited in Dublin, a manufacturers merchanting business which was to turn out to be all around set to serve the requirements of the structure exchange the focal point of Dublin. 1994 The Group’s extends fundamentally in the UK with the obtaining of Bradley’s and Lumley and Hunt plumbing and warming tasks. All out deals in Britain and Northern Ireland increment by 53%, speaking to 21% of Group turnover. 995 Grafton gains P. P. S. Mortars †a storehouse mortar plant situated in Glasgow. This business embraces the EuroMix storehouse mortar plan of action and innovation, which has been effectively evolved by CPI, the Group’s Irish solid items business. Today EuroMix is the main UK mortar maker with eight plants. 1996 The Group proceeds with its vital improvement in the UK with its first securing of a builder’s merchanting business †R. J. Johnson, situated in Oxford. 1997 The Group keeps on procuring in the UK including a further 14 areas through six little yet huge acquisitions and accomplishes minimum amount in its UK activities. This is the Group’s tenth year as an autonomous open organization; a time of extensive accomplishment wherein deals expanded 18% every year and income per share developed at an annualized pace of 29%. 1998 UK builders’ merchanting tasks extend generously with the obtaining of British Dredging plc, the first run through an Irish organization procures a recorded UK plc. This business works an aggregate of 23 areas fusing 17 builders’ dealers and six plumber’s vendors. The builder’s merchanting activity is incorporated under the Buildbase brand, which was built up in 1997 as the exchanging name for the Group’s UK builder’s merchanting activity. During that year the Group makes another six acquisitions including a further 19 areas, including the London based Deben Builders Merchants business with 10 branches and A R Hendricks Limited, a substantial side manufacturers vendor exchanging from five branches. 1999 The Group proceeds with its jolt on procurement program including a 16 additional areas, through eight acquisitions in the UK. All through the nineties the Group proceeds with the extension of its Irish merchanting and DIY retailing activities and unites its situation as market pioneer in the two segments. 2000/2001 During these years, the Group proceeds apace with its jolt on obtaining system. A sum of 24 acquisitions were made during the period, many single branch activities that include an incentive through infilling the Group’s by and large system of areas in the UK. 002 This is a record year with a sum of 15 acquisitions adding a further 39 branches to the UK merchanting system. These acquisitions included five little chains: Lakes in Derby, BMB in Barnsley, and PDM in Edinburgh, Aizlewoods in Rotherham and JKS Heating and Plumbing Supplies in Manchester. 2003 The Group attempts its biggest ever securing up to this point †Jackson Building Centers in England including 18 branches †and makes another critical obtaining with Plumbline, Scotland’s biggest free handymen vendors with 17 areas. Generally speaking it was a bustling year with a further seven jolt on acquisitions finished, giving an aggregate of nine acquisitions for 2003. Grafton now has 137 plumbers’ merchanting branches exchanging under the Plumbase brand and 139 builders’ merchanting branches exchanging essentially under the Buildbase and Jackson brands. 2004 The Group finishes its 100th obtaining since 1998, averaging more than one every month. An aggregate of 19 acquisitions are finished during the year, another record year for improvement. Grafton agrees to secure Heiton Group plc, subject to administrative endorsement. 005 In January Grafton finishes the obtaining of Heiton Group plc. This business incorporates, bury alia, the No. 1 builder’s mercha

5 of the Best Audiobooks Narrated By Soneela Nankani

5 of the Best Audiobooks Narrated By Soneela Nankani This list of audiobooks narrated by Soneela Nankani is sponsored by My Dark Vanessa, a novel by Kate Elizabeth Russell, on sale 3-10-20 from William Morrow. Enter for a chance to win one of 250 available early audio downloads of MY DARK VANESSA, an extraordinary debut performed by Grace Gummer. “Brilliant and stunning . . . an absolute must read.” â€" Gillian Flynn. My Dark Vanessa explores the psychological dynamics of the relationship between a precocious yet naïve teenage girl and her magnetic and manipulative teacher. Written with the haunting intimacy of The Girls and the creeping intensity of Room, My Dark Vanessa is an era-defining novel that brilliantly captures and reflects the shifting cultural mores transforming our relationships and society itself. I’ve been listening to audiobooks most of my life, but I’m still delighted to find a new favorite narrator. This happened a few years ago when I first discovered Soneela Nankani. Her voice is clear and rich, adding depth to the stories she reads. She delivers dialogue with so much energy and personality; it’s no surprise that I was smitten with her voice from the very first lines I heard her read. Nankani narrates books from such a wide range of genres, so you’ll be able to find something to enjoy no matter what kind of books you enjoy! Aru Shah and the End of Time by Roshani Chokshi As a huge Roshani Chokshi fan, I couldn’t wait for her series with Rick Riordan Presents, an imprint of Disney-Hyperion that publishes writers from different ethnicities, giving them a platform to share middle grade myth retellings from their own cultures. In this case, Chokshi’s Aru Shah and the End of Time retells the story of the Pandava brothers from Hindu mythology. In Chokshi’s version, the Pandavas have been reborn as girls! From the first few minutes of this story, I felt sucked into Aru’s adventure. Nankani’s voice felt so real, as if she was sitting down and telling me the story herself, and it was the first time that I felt mesmerized by Nankani’s talent. The Widows of Malabar Hill by Sujata Massey From the moment I started this audiobook, I knew Perveen Mistry was the hero I needed in my life. As one of the first women lawyers in 1920s Bombay, Perveen Mistry uses her skills to help her female clients. After a Muslim man dies, only Perveen possesses the skill and ability, as a woman, to visit the man’s widows in their seclusion from all men who aren’t their relatives. As Perveen gets to know her clients, she discovers that there may be more to this man’s death than she first realized. Nankani’s audiobook narration captures Perveen’s fiery spirit as she fights for her place in her chosen career. The City of Brass by S.A. Chakraborty On the streets of 18th century Cairo, Nahri has made a home for herself conning rich people out of their coins with fake rituals and remedies. But Nahri’s life changes forever when she accidentally calls forth a djinn warrior who whisks her away to the djinn capital of Daevabad. From there, we enter a royal court filled with scheming nobles who would love nothing more than to see Nahri dead. With its intense world-building and complex plots, high fantasy can easily feel overwhelming, but Soneela Nankani’s narration helps listeners keep all the details straight and enables us to just sit back and enjoy the story. Our Women on the Ground edited by Zahra Hankir One of the best under-the-radar audiobooks from last year, Our Women on the Ground: Essays By Arab Women Reporting from the Arab World includes pieces by women journalists from a wide range of countries and cultures. Especially here in the West, it’s important to listen to these women’s voices reporting from the Arab countries. They’re fighting for peace, education, and women’s rights in the places they work in and call home. Each essay is a tour de force, shedding light on a different aspect of these incredible women’s chosen career, and Nankani’s voice clearly communicates their stories. MEM by Bethany C. Morrow Set in an alternative 1920s Canada, MEM tells the story of a MEM, a cloned memory, that has mysteriously become sentient. Throughout the story we follow the nameless MEM as she fights for a life of her own outside of her creator’s wishes. MEM asks readers to contemplate deep questions: What makes us human? Can we lose our memories and still be who we are? Through her struggles, the MEM finds a name for herself and learns to fight for the right to exist and for her place in the world. Sign up for Audiobooks to receive the latest from the audiobooks world. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Sample of Leadership Essay

Sample of Leadership Essay The Meaning of Leadership Leadership is an ability to lead people in order to achieve specific goals. This is a managerial relationship between the leader and his or her followers based on an effective combination of different sources of power for the specific situation. As a rule leadership is aimed at encouraging people to achieve common goals. The necessary requirement of leadership is the possession of power in certain formal or informal organizations of different levels and scale. These organizations may range from the state and groups of countries to government agencies, local governments, national or social movements and groups. Formalized leader’s power is traditionally fixed by law. But in all cases the leader possesses social, psychological and emotional support in the community or in groups of people who follow him or her. There is formal and informal leadership. In the first case the subordinates are influenced from the certain position. The process of influencing people through personal abilities, skills and other resources is called informal leadership. It is believed that the ideal leadership combines two bases of power: personal and organizational. Leadership aims at achieving organizational effectiveness. On the one hand, leadership is considered to be a particular set of qualities attributed to those who successfully influence the others. On the other hand, this is a process of no-force achieving goals by certain groups or organizations. Since ancient times the concept of effective leadership was traditionally defined on the basis leader’s qualities or samples of his or her behavior. Anyway, leadership is a

Missionaries Are to Blame in Chinua Achebes Things Fall...

Missionaries Are to Blame in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart The burden and calling to reach out and help others, enfold many people in society throughout the world. Rich or poor, young or old, black, red or white, the motive is helping those with a need. As Chinua Achebe points out in his book, Things Fall Apart, though there is the aspiration to lend a hand, it can sometimes become deadly, and even fatal to the lives of people. Although the missionaries try help convert the Ibo village of Umuofia to Christianity, their presence in Africa is harmful to the lives and culture of the Ibo. The men that come to Umuofia destroy the cultural balance of faith and religion that encompasses the native people in Africa.†¦show more content†¦They assist in, ...[building] a trading store and for the first time palm-oil and kernel became things of great price, and much money flowed into Umuofia (146). Economically, the Ibo villages improve, and slowly schools and hospitals are erected. Education and knowledge from the outside world becomes accessible, as well as quality of the lives of many, both spiritually and physically. The missionaries rescue and, ...welcome twins and such abomination (130), and save them from cruel deaths. After that, the osu or outcasts also think that it is possible to be accepted into society. A new society, which saves twins from dying because of superstition from the tribes and receives outcasts with warm and loving hospitality. However, although the missionaries bring the start of advanced technology and education to Africa, their wish to im prove comes with a price that greatly outweighs the good. The strategy of the Europeans is to attack religion, the central factor that controls the lives of so many. Slowly, with that influence, they win many of the tribes brothers, and [their] clan can no longer act like one. (145) Anarchy reigns, when the two clans are torn apart with the superior white mans religion overcoming traditional beliefs. 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The novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe is about the Ibo people and how they have to face the threat of colonization and the white people’s religion which is Christianity. When Achebe portrayed the missionaries and Europeans,Read More Parental Relationships in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and Buchi Emecheta’s The Joys of Motherhood1818 Words   |  8 PagesParental Relationships in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and Buchi Emecheta’s The Joys of Motherhood Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, and Buchi Emecheta’s The Joys of Motherhood, are two novels that emphasize the complexities of relationships between parents and their children. In Achebe’s story, the protagonist of the novel, Okonkwo, has distant relationships with his children (particularly Nwoye and Ezinma) because their father sees them as inadequate in many ways. Okonkwo hasRead MoreThings Fall Apart and a Small Place: Comparing the Theme of Cultural Integrity1295 Words   |  6 Pagesweakness. 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Enzymes and Temperature Free Essays

Zaquia Austin Enzymes and Temperature Laboratory #6 3/13/2013 Purpose (Objectives): The purpose of this experiment was for students to be able to understand the enzyme-facilitated reaction and explain how enzyme activity can be affected by environment conditions. Abstract: This experiment mainly delt with enzymes and the reaction that enzymes have with different solutions in various temperatures. Three different exercises were done. We will write a custom essay sample on Enzymes and Temperature or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first exercise had to do with enzymes and temperature. During this exercise three different test tubes were used for three different temperates. The first test tube which involved 0 ? C water bath had a total conversion of starch to sugar in the first 15 minutes, and the second test tube which involved 37? C water bath had a total conversion of starch to sugar after the first five minutes. While the third test tube took a little longer. The second exercise had to do with enzymes and substrate concentration. This exercise took longer for the all of the starch to be removed from the test tubes, and it involved 37? C water bath for all five test tubes. The last exercise had to do with enzymes and pH. This exercise involved four test tubes all put into a water bath of 37? C. The fourth test tube had a total conversion of starch to sugar in the first five minutes while the other three took a little longer to convert. Experiment Observation: First the water baths and the 1% Alpha-amylase was prepared. Three different water baths were prepared. One being set at 0? C, the next being set at 37? C and the last one being set at 100? C. Next a 96-well microplate was marked with times and numbers based on the test tubes number. Then using a pipet one drop of iodine was placed into each well (1,2,3) up to total of 30 minutes. Then the test tubes were marked 1cm and 6cm from the bottom. Afterward, 1cm of alpha-amylase was pipetted into each test tube. Then, test tube 1 was incubated at 0? C, test tube 2 was incubated at 37? C, and test tube 3 was incubated at 100? C for five minutes. After that 1% starch solution was added to the 6cm mark. Next it was put back into its assigned water bath for another 5 minutes. Then two drops of solution was put into its corresponding number on the microplate in the 5 minute row. The color was immediately recorded. The steps were repeated for a interval of 30 minutes or until each well had an amber color in it. Test tube 3 did not change within the 30 minute interval so it was placed into the 37? C water bath for another 30 minutes. Then one drop of solution and one drop of iodine was added into the well. There was still no color change, so another 1cm of alpha-amylase was added to it and was incubated for another 30 minutes, the color became amber. Table 1. Effect of Temperature on Amylase Enzyme Conversion of Starch to Sugar |Time/Minutes |Test Tube 1 / 0? C |Test Tube 2 / 37? C |Test Tube 3 / 100? C | |5 |+ |- |++ | |10 |+ | |++ | |15 |- | |++ | |20 | | |++ | |25 | | |++ | |30 | | |++ | | | | | | |60 | | |++ | | | | | | |90 | | |- | The color of iodine that indicated that starch was still present in the test tube was the Black/ Blue-Black color. The color that indicated that the starch was gone was the Amber color. Amylase breaks up the starch which makes it disappear, it does not react with iodine anymore. The variable in this experiment can be an independent variable. The change in the experiment is the starch to sugar. The temperature that is optimal is 37? C. The temperature that facilitated first was the 37? C, then it was 0? C. No 37? C was chosen as the mid-range temperature because that degrees in Fahrenheit is 98. 6? F. It was important to immediately observe the color because after a while it changes colors again. If you would have just added the iodine in test tubes that would have ruined the entire experiment because there wouldn’t be anything to test if it didn’t work the first time. Once the test tube was incubated at 37? c nothing happen. The starch did not disappear, maybe because there wasn’t enough amylase. After 1cm of alpha-amylase was added and incubated at 37? C the starch eventually disappeared. This probably didn’t happen the first time because the more amylase there is the better chance of it breaking up the starch. [pic] My initial hypothesis was that the more starch solution there is the longer it will take for it to break down amylase. My hypothesis was actually supported, there was more starch then amylase, when there needed to be more amylase then starch. I learned that amylase breaks up starch, and that its an digestive enzyme. Exercise 2: First a water bath was set at 37? C. Then the microplate was label this time five test tubes were used. One drop of iodine was placed into each well (1,2,3,4,5) up to 30 minutes. Then 1/2cm was marked from the bottom of the test tube. Next for each tube an additional cm was added. For test tube one 2cm above the bottom, test tube two 3cm above the bottom, test tube three 4cm above the bottom, test tube four 5cm above the bottom, test tube five 6cm above the bottom. Then 1/2 alpha-amylase was added to the 1/2 cm mark on the test tube. Afterwards the test tubes were placed into the water bath for five minutes. Next 1% starch solution was added to the next cm mark on the test tubes. The test tubes were put back into the water bath for another five minutes. Then two drops of the solution was added to each of the corresponding wells. This was done for all five test tubes. Immediately record the colors. The steps were completed for an interval of 30 minutes. The tubes that had not changed color within the 30 minute interval was put back into the water bath for another 30 minutes. Two drops of solution and one drop of iodine was put into the well and the amber color was recorded. Table 2: The Effect of Concentration on Amylase Enzyme Conversion of Starch to Sugar |Time/Minutes |Tube 1 |Tube 2 |Tube 3 |Tube 4 |Tube 5 | |Concentration of Amylase: |0. 5cm/2cm |0. 5cm/3cm |0. 5cm/4cm |0. 5cm/5cm |0. 5cm/6cm | |Per test tube |25% |17% |12. % |10% |8% | |5 |++ |++ |++ |++ |++ | |10 |++ |++ |++ |++ |++ | |15 |++ |++ |++ |++ |++ | |20 |++ |++ |++ |++ |++ | |25 |++ |- |++ |- |++ | |30 |++ | |++ | |++ | | | | |++ | |++ | |60 |++ | |- | |- | The variable in this exercise the substrate concentrations. Test tube 3 This experiment could be improved if each test tube had its own water bath. My hypothesis was that test tube five would convert to sugar first. The reason I hypothesized this was because test tube five had the most starch. In this exercise I learned that enzymes can be used over and over again to facilitate the conversion of substances before they are denatured. Some practical applications can be Food and Beverages D. Another way this experiment could be done is by using different temperatures of water baths. Exercise 3: First a water bath was set at 37? C. The microplate was labeled, this time only four test tubes were used. Each test tube was marked 1cm, 2cm, and 4cm from the bottom. Next one drop of iodine was added to the weel (1,2,3,4) and u to a 30 minute interval. Then a different pH buffer was added to each test tube at the 1cm mark. For test tube one pH 3. 5 buffer was added, for test tube two pH 5 buffer was added, for test tube three pH 6. 8 was added, and for test tube four pH 11. 5 was added. Afterwards, 2cm of alpha-amylase was added. Then the test tubes was placed into the water bath to be incubated. After five minutes starch solution was added to the remaining 4cm mark, then placed back into the water bath. After five minutes two drops of solution was put into each corresponding well. Immediately record color. The steps were completed for an interval of 30 minutes. The fourth test tube showed color immediately, but the other three test tubes did not. Table 3: The Effect of pH on Amylase Enzyme Conversion of Starch to Sugar |Time/ Minute |Test Tube 1 |Test Tube 2 |Test Tube 3 |Test Tube 4 | |pH |3. 5 |5. 0 |6. 8 |11. 5 | |5 |++ |++ |++ |- | |10 |++ |++ |++ | | |15 |++ |++ |++ | | |20 |++ ++ |++ | | |25 |++ |++ |++ | | |30 |++ |+ |+ | | | | | | | | |60 |+ |+ |+ | | The variable in this exercise is the pH. Only the fourth test tube converted starch to sugar, I think this happend because it had an higher amount of buffer. Yes the first three test tube did not exhibit a change in color.. There pH was much lower then the last one. I hypothesized that the test tube with the pH buffer would convert to sugar first. My hypothesis was refute. Conclusion: Temperature, and the times of incubation. You can get different substrates if you change the incubation times. In this laboratory I learned how to recognize enzyme-facilitate reactions, and how to tell when starch is converted into sugar. Some practical applications could be yeast, detergent, leather and bioethanol. Discussion/Error Analysis/Conclusion: The first part of this laboratory was based upon testing the alpha-amylase enzyme activity on starch under three temperature environments, 0? C, 37? C, and 100? C. The next part was to demonstrate the effects of substrate concentration on enzyme reactivity. The last exercise was based upon testing how alpha-amylase functions at four different pH levels (3. ,5,6. 8, and 11. 5). A few errors that occurred was one, the changing of the water bath temperatures. If the bath stayed at a constant temperature then it probably would have made a difference to some of the tubes. Another laboratory error could have been that there were only a select few of pipets. If there were pipets for each exercise that could have made a difference even though the pipets were cleaned after each experiment, it still would have made a different if it was a clean dry pipet. Another laboratory error could have been the incubating times. These errors could be minimized in the future if there were a few arrangements before hand. How to cite Enzymes and Temperature, Papers

Task of the International Marketing Researcher free essay sample

Below I will outline the many problems/challenges that the international market researcher is likely to encounter. Defining the problem and establishing research objectives. (5) The research process starts with defining the research problem and creating detailed research objectives. (3) This can only be achieved if the researcher is able to translate vague research objectives into specific, measureable and attainable objectives. In known and familiar markets the researcher frequently begins with unclear and undefined clarity of the actual problem and this is further exacerbated when dealing in unknown and unfamiliar markets. 5) With sociocultural and economic markets differing so much from country to country, international market researchers must be able to adapt research questions and research instruments to varied markets. (6) One of the main considerations that researchers fail to recognise or include as part of their research is the inclusion of local culture and the failure to a lso include self-referencing criterion. So now what occurs is that the researcher deals with the problem/objective in exactly the same way they would if they were dealing with it in their own domestic market. We will write a custom essay sample on Task of the International Marketing Researcher or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is one of the most important aspects when conducting research in a foreign market and that is to understand the local market and recognise the SRC. For e. g. in Slavic countries (e. g. Slovakia), the national drink, Slivovica is often drank first thing in the morning to give one an adrenalin boost for the day whereas in South Africa if one were to drink a very high alcoholic drink so early in the day, one would be considered to be an alcoholic. If the researcher considers the SRC and is not blurred by the SRC and they ask the correct questions in the beginning phase of the process, they will be able to satisfactorily define the specific challenge and will be able to establish specific, measureable and attainable objectives. Problems of availability and use of secondary data. (5) Many first world and developed countries have masses of secondary data available. However in less developed and emerging countries there is very limited availability of secondary data. Even if there is data available, questions must be asked about the reliability, accuracy, comparability and validity of the data. If we consider the availability of data, some countries just don’t have any data available. For e. g. If we in South Africa wanted to conduct research in Burkina Faso about â€Å"living standards measurement† there is no data or research that has been composed. The researcher would struggle to find such information. If we consider reliability of data we would have to take the following into account: is the data collected reliable? For e. g. if a foreign country wanted to conduct research on the amount of people who have died in South Africa from AIDS in the nineteen nineties the South African government stated that only a limited number of people had died from AIDS. However, this figure was skewed as they did not take into account or failed to admit that when doctors completed a â€Å"Death Certificate† they stated that the patient died from pneumonia or TB etc and not from the main reason which was AIDS. So this turned out to be unreliable data. The researcher must consider the reliability of secondary data before attempting to utilise this information. If we look at comparability of available data we must consider the following: For e. g. if a researcher wanted to use census data from Angola, the last time a census was done was in 1970 and in turn this information would be very outdated and not comparable. If we consider the validity of secondary data we must always verify and interpret the data received very circumspectly. For e. g. if a researcher wanted to check the readership of South African daily newspapers in 2004, the information provided by the daily newspaper â€Å"ThisDay† would have been invalid as it inflated its readership to obtain more advertising and to receive increased advertising rates. To rectify and to validate the data received the researcher could have obtained actual records from the printing press to verify and compare figures of newspapers actually printed. Gathering primary data Once all secondary data is collected and it is not enough to answer the research questions satisfactorily, then the researcher must collect primary data to ensure that all the objectives are acceptably answered. There are two types of primary data collected: 1)Quantitative data is where data is collected and the researcher is able to quantify the amount of data collected. For e. g. a researcher would like to know how many people frequent a specific shopping mall. A survey is conducted which provides you with a specific amount of how many people frequent the shopping mall. )Qualitative data is where a person’s feelings, emotions and attitudes are required to determine a person’s thoughts for a specific topic. For e. g. Mugg Bean would like to enter the American market and they would first conduct qualitative research to determine what are the trends and restaurant concept that Americans are looking for in a restaurant. We cannot assume that if it works in South Africa t hat the exact same concept would work in America. Challenges of collecting primary data. (5) If we have clearly defined our research objectives, the next obstacle that awaits the international researcher is to ensure that all data collected addresses the research objectives accurately. However, when carrying out research for primary data, majority of challenges stem from either how cultures differ from country to country or the language barrier. †¢Ability to communicate opinions (5) We form opinions and attitudes about products from using them or seeing other people using them. If a person has not experienced or never seen the product, it is very difficult to form an opinion or attitude. For e. g. getting people’s opinions and attitudes about Automated washing powder who live in deep rural Africa †¢Willingness to respond (5) Respondents in other countries are not that willing to share information as readily. When providing data to a researcher, the researcher must consider that the respondents are culturally habituated and are hesitant to respond to research been conducted. Gender based questions could be offensive or culture can prevent a female from answering. When designing research surveys care must be taken not to offend the respondent’s privacy. (5) For e. g. n international company wanting to conduct research in Saudi Arabia and they send a female to carry out interviews; she would not get far, as only certain females can work in Saudi and it is also to do with respect. †¢Sampling in Field surveys (5) Sampling can only be considered to be accurate if there is dependable demographic data available. This makes it difficult for the researc her to have an adequate sample from which to conduct a valid and reliable survey if conducting research in a less developed market. In many markets there is a lack of means from where to extract information, i. . telephone directories, census data and any data needed for the research is either unavailable or outdated. This usually leaves the researcher to make an educated guess about what data is required, for e. g. if wanting to conduct research in Burkina Faso where a telephone directory is required as a source of information, the researcher would struggle as there are no telephone directories available. †¢Languages and comprehension (5) Researchers must be able to design their research questions so that all respondents are able to fully understand. When trying to conduct research in a foreign market, language barriers are one of the largest challenges that researchers have to deal with. To try and communicate the benefits of a product or service, the respondents are sometimes unable to fully understand the benefits and advantages so are unable to communicate their exact emotions/opinions/attitudes about that product or service. (2) People in different countries have different meanings of certain words. E. g. in South Africa when you speak to someone from an African culture, they sometimes include friends as their â€Å"sisters or brothers. Literacy is a huge concern in many undeveloped countries. For e. g. if a researcher wanted people from a rural part of Ivory Coast to complete a written questionnaire, he would definitely have no luck as their literacy levels are very low. It is critical that a native speaker of a country ensures that all questionnaires are written correctly without any faults in order to ensure that when th ey are completed, they are completed with the answers that are needed to complete the research design. For e. . if a South African wanted to conduct research in the UK and in the question wrote â€Å"Robots† instead of â€Å"Traffic lights† the respondents would be very confused. †¢Multicultural research (5) When companies want to enter other markets they must consider what they can and cannot use of their marketing mix before they continue with any facet of the marketing strategy. However when engaging multicultural research, many of these challenges further exacerbate the complexity of cross cultural similarities Multicultural research involves dealing with countries that have different languages, economies, social structures, behaviour, and attitude patterns† (Cateora and Graham, 2007, pg 2. 29) It is critical that these differences are considered when developing multicultural research. †¢Other challenges ?Gathering information outside of your countr y can be very time consuming and expensive. Conducting market research in Europe can take double the time and cost double the price than if you conduct the same research in the USA. Japan can be 3 to 4 times more expensive. (8) ? Lack of technological infrastructure available to conduct research. ?Level of researcher’s capabilities and skills in a foreign market. ?Interpreting and analysing data from less developed countries can present challenges for researchers from different sociocultural backgrounds. Also when interpreting and analysing data, researchers must be aware of all the challenges discussed above. For e. g. they must understand the attitude of the respondent’s attitude towards a specific product. Speed in collection and interpretation of research from various and geographically different markets can also present a challenge Opportunities of the Internet for international marketing research The internet is significantly revolutionising the way in which international marketing research is been conducted. This applies to the accessing of secondary and the collection of primary data. Literally day by day tens of thousands of new people are coming on line globally. With the internet the researcher has access to traditional sources of data and data that is only available on the internet. Primary data can also be collected via the internet. This can be done either by tracking respondents on a specific website or an electronic questionnaire can be completed online or can be sent to the respondent’s email address. An advantage is that once the questionnaires are completed they can be interpreted and analysed in real time and the responses can be automated. One of the biggest benefits with the internet is that you are able to collect samples worldwide. When a respondent visits a site their behaviour can be tracked and analysed. New product and service ideas can also be researched on the internet. A further benefit is that with a questionnaire a researcher can include things such as product facts, photos of products and can even include graphics and sounds. There are various other uses of the internet for research, such as online surveys, online focus groups, observational research etc. A researcher can even translate surveys into many languages quickly. A large benefit is the access to secondary data which was previously only available in print and there is almost immediate access to the data. The internet has clearly many advantages and even more benefits will materialise in the near future. (5) (1) Conclusion The international researcher clearly has many multifaceted challenges ahead of him, which vary from country to country. Even with all these challenges the market researcher is expected to present research that is accurate and correct and is received speedily. The successful researcher will consider all the above challenges and seek out creative ways to ensure that the research is of the highest quality and seek the best way forward to deal with the increasingly fast paced competitive global environment.

The beliefs and practices associated with Holy Communion Essays

The beliefs and practices associated with Holy Communion Essays The beliefs and practices associated with Holy Communion Paper The beliefs and practices associated with Holy Communion Paper Holy Communion is a practice performed by Christians, for a number of reasons relating to belief and worship. While the ways in which Holy Communion is celebrated differ among the churches, communion prayers tend to revolve around the story of the last supper and the act of Christ giving his disciples bread and wine, and declaring it as his body and blood. This is the story of the last supper, the last meal Jesus shared with his disciples on the night of the Passover before he was betrayed by Judas, arrested and then executed. During the meal Jesus and his disciples were at the supper table and he broke some bread, gave it to his disciples and said, This is my body which is given for you. Every time you eat bread, think of me. Jesus took a cup of wine and gave it to the disciples and told them to drink from the cup and said, This wine is my blood that will be shed to remove the sins of all who come to believe in me and it is the start of a new agreement between God and mankind. The significance of this event, has been interpreted by the churches in different ways, which in turn has led to the variety of ways in which Communion is practiced among the churches. Both the beliefs and practices associated with Holy Communion differ significantly from church to church. While the majority of churches practice Holy Communion, there are a few churches that dont practice it at all, such as the Salvation Army and the Quakers. While there are some differences in the way that Communion is celebrated between the Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches (both high churches) the difference between the Roman Catholic church and Methodist church (low church) is far more substantial. There are two fundamental differences. The first and perhaps the most important difference is in the interpretation by each church of the way in which celebrating Holy Communion affects the individual taking part. This is known as the issue of belief associated with Holy Communion. This is explained in more detail in the paragraphs below. The second important difference, one that is easier to recognise, is in the way in which churches prepare for and perform Holy Communion. While some churches continue to adopt traditional methods to perform Holy Communion others adopt a far more informal approach. The high churches, such as the Roman Catholic and Orthodox, stick to very traditional methods and attach central importance to taking Holy Communion. By contrast low churches such as Baptist and Methodist, while they do celebrate Holy Communion, they do not regard it as being any where near as important as the higher churches, and tend to celebrate it in a much more relaxed and informal manner. The following are examples of how individual churches perform Holy Communion and the reasons they attach different levels of importance to it. Catholics refer to Communion as the Eucharist and practice it in a very traditional way. The first thing to note is that while some churches celebrate Communion on a weekly or more infrequent basis, Catholics can take Communion every day. It is not a requirement for Roman Catholics to go every morning but it is strongly encouraged by the church to attend Communion (Mass) as often as possible and at least once a week. This explains why Communion is so very important for Roman Catholics and is often described as the central form of catholic worship. The only person allowed to administer Communion is a validly ordained Priest acting in the role of Christ. In other words, the Priest represents Christ and his body and his blood are represented by wafers made from wheat (called the host) and wine made from grapes. Catholics believe that the Holy Spirit is contained within the wafers and the wine and that in the act of receiving communion the congregation is taking in the Holy Spirit. It is therefore central to the Catholic faith, so much so that they believe that by taking communion they are taking in the strength of the Holy Spirit which will help them lead a life free of sin. The quotation from John 6:53 sums up the overall belief held by Roman Catholics In Communion, we are eating the True Body and Blood of Jesus Christ, without which you shall not have life in you. Their interpretation of the story of the bread and wine is very literal. Communion can only be taken by those who have been baptised into the Catholic faith and have taken their First Holy Communion. This usually happens around the age of 7 or 8. The traditional Catholic church service (mass) follows a set format (liturgy) and concludes with the taking of Communion. During Communion wafers are used instead of bread, fermented wine is used which is taken from a shared chalice. The priest holds up the wafer as he says, the body of Christ and hands it over to the person receiving communion at which point this person would say, Amen. Then the priest pours out the wine and says, The blood of Christ at which point the person receiving communion takes the chalice and says, Amen. Any leftover bread or wine is either eaten by the priest or kept as reserved sacrament for the infirm in the parish. This routine tends to differ only very slightly between the high churches. The low churches have a much less traditional way of celebrating communion, which tends to link to the fact that they believe the bread and wine only represent the body and blood of Christ in a metaphorical sense, but that by performing communion they are only reminding themselves of Jesus, and believe that his spirit is no more present than usual. For example, Baptist and Methodist churches also hold Communion, which they call the Lords Supper, but they use less traditional methods of practice and hold it in lower regards. The members of these lower churches do not actually accept the belief that Jesus spirit is present within the bread and wine, and so do not take the service as seriously, but they do perform the Lords Supper with the intention of remembering Jesus. The argument used by these lower church members to support their views is that Jesus meant the bread and wine was his body and blood in a metaphorical sense, and the phrase they value most during the Last Supper is when Jesus said, Do this in memory of me. A typical Baptist communion takes place monthly and the only qualification necessary to receive The Lords Supper is a membership with the church. Examples of how the Baptist version of communion differs from the higher church versions of communion are the fact that a table is used instead of an altar, there is no set form (Liturgy), there is no main service and there is no need for an ordained minister. Bread is used but instead of wine they either use unfermented wine or fruit juice and instead of drinking this from a shared chalice they have individual glasses. The people receiving the Lords Supper remain in their seats while receiving it and they all drink at the same time. Any bread left over is given away and any unfermented wine or fruit juice is returned to the bottle. It is clear to see that from the differences in practice, the lower churches believe Communion to be less important. For example, the fact that they return the wine or juice to the bottle shows that they do not believe it to be the blood of Christ, as otherwise they would treat it with higher respect. Methodists also receive communion in a less traditional way but they do have a main service while taking Communion and an ordained minister is necessary. They also would have to go up to the table to receive The Lords Supper and do not all drink at the same time. Other churches, such as the Church of England would celebrate Communion, or as it is known in the Church of England, Eucharist, in an almost identical way to the Roman Catholic church, the only differences being that they use both an altar and a table and they may also use bread instead of wafers. This almost identically shared practice displays almost identical beliefs shared by both members of the churches regarding communion. Christians that do not have a specific building in which to worship and attend communion often practice their religion at home alone or with others in what is called a house church. The practices will remain roughly the same from house to house, due to a lack of an altar or ordained minister, but the beliefs will vary depending on the individual receiving Communion.

Good Essay

Good Essay Good Essay Good Essay Good writers are not born, they are trained. Similarly, good essays are written with inspiration and patience.   Yes, you cannot write a good essay rushing through writing.   You should give your mind an opportunity to think about the topic, to generate supporting details, to organize your writing, and proofread the drafts.   Below is the short sample of good essay.   Do not copy it!   Read it and make notes.   Pay attention to the sentence structure and paragraphing. If you need help with your own writing, do not hesitate to request professional essay writing help at our site.   Our essay writing services are affordable, legal, and absolutely confidential.   There is also a free blog with numerous sample essays, term papers, research papers and much in our writing blog. Good Essay Sample Any attempt to understand the female preponderance in depression must explain both the long-term and the short-term trends. Conventional explanations have assumed that the female preponderance in depression has been a long-term trend. Most of the studies do support this, and the data that exist from the nineteenth century indicate a female preponderance of depression. These enduring trends can be interpreted as supporting either the biological or the social status theories. On the other hand, recent evidence suggests short-term trends. There has been an increase in the rates of depression, especially among young women, manifested by rising suicide attempt rates among young women and by high attendance by women at psychiatric outpatient clinics. This has prompted speculation about the possible role of recent historical changes, especially the presumed pathogenic pressures of modern life. Rising expectations, increased life events, separations, and loss of attachment bonds are all risk factors of depression that have been suggested as mechanisms by which social change can be psychic stressors. These stressors are proposed to have a greater impact on women because of their more vulnerable social position. Rate increases in depression have been reported to have occurred during earlier periods of rapid social change. Schwab has pointed to possible historical parallels to the current era in late Elizabethan and early seventeenth-century England, when depression was described to have reached epidemic proportions. Similarly, Rosen, citing the example of late eighteenth-century England, quotes Edgar Shepherd who, attributing the rise in mental illness to the "wear and tear of a civilization," speculated on the reasons for the differential prevalences of mental disorder between the sexes. Rising expectations, access to new opportunities, and efforts to redress the social inequalities of women have been suggested as further explanation for the recent increase in depression among women. Depressions may occur not when things are at their worse, but when there is a possibility of improvement and a discrepancy between one's rising aspirations and the likelihood of fulfilling these wishes. The women's movement, governmental legislation, and efforts to improve educational and employment opportunities for women have created higher expectations. Social and economic achievements often have not kept pace with the promises, especially in a decreasing job market and where long-standing discriminatory practices perpetuate unequal opportunities. These new role expectations may also create intrapsychic personal conflicts, particularly for those women involved in traditional family tasks but who also desire employment and recognition outside the family. Good Essay Writing Service If writing is a nightmare for you, do not panic! We offer a solution - customized assistance. Our writing service is individual. It means that your essay is written from scratch by an experienced and responsible writer who meets deadlines and follows instructions.   Your completed essay will not be posted online, never!   We guarantee confidentiality and unlimited revisions.

ROLE OF GOVERNMENT slp Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ROLE OF GOVERNMENT slp - Coursework Example Discussion Market Structure Market structure is basically the environment, within which a firm produces and sell its product. A market structure is basically selected on the basis of the number of similar firms in the market, the ease of entry and exit of firms and the degree of product differentiation. Based on the definition, the market structures are mainly divided into various forms. Four of the most common form of market structure is listed here under: Monopolistic market structure: In this form of market structure there exist numerous numbers of firms each having a small proportion of the market share with slight differentiation in the product manufactured by each firm. Oligopoly: In this form of market structure small number of firms together controls the majority of the markets share. Monopoly: In this form of market structure the entire market is controlled by a single producer. Perfect Competition: Perfect competitions are a market structure where there is no barrier to ent ry and where unlimited number of buyers and producers do exist. Modern market is considered to be a perfect competition from of market structure (East Tennessee State University, n.d.). ... mpetitors such as Burger King, KFC, and Subway among others and is considered to be one of the most preferred brand among other fast food chain business (Kew, 2013). Role of Government Supporting the Fast Food Industry Fast Food Industry is considered to be one of the leading industries that are expanding at rapid speed. The role of government relating to the fast food industry can be witnessed from the past. It has been viewed that during the initial stage of development of the fast food industry, the government of different countries helped the particular sector to diversify in their country by providing them license and work permit. It is also worth mentioning that the different standards set by the government also helps the industry to set standards, thereby assisting them to produce quality products which results in attracting more customers. Additionally, it has also been observed that the FDI rate for fast food industry is considerably low in comparison to other industrial sec tors in different countries. In this stand, the cash inflow for the fast food sectors reduces, which result in the increase of the cost of the products. In this aspect, such situations are usually mitigated by governmental strategies and interference (Makki, Somwaru and Bolling, n.d.; Food Authority, n.d.). Patent Patent in general is the right given to a producer by the government that restricts other companies or business to produce similar products. It has been viewed there exist two form of patent one with an time limit that restricts similar firms to produce the product within the speculated time mentioned and the other form of patents where the company are the sole owner the product i.e. no other firm can produce similar product. With reference to the mentioned scenario it can be

Nursing theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Nursing theory - Essay Example Nightingale’s environment metaparadigm is informed by the aforementioned tenets. The focus here is the link between the environment and health. Nightingale argues that the environment informs nursing practices in one way or another. For instance, unsanitary conditions pose health risks and vice versa. The ventilation, light, warmth, effluvia, and noise tenets can be altered to influence the outcome of nursing practices. Johnson’s metaparadigm is informed by social bonds, dependency, ingestion, elimination, procreation and gratification, aggression, and achievement tenets (Walker & Avant, 2011). The application of these tenets is broad and wide in relation to the nursing practice. Their integration into the nursing practice influence health completeness under the health context metaparadigm. Finally, Watson’s tenets include altruistic value system, faith and hope, trust, sensitivity, feelings, solution to problems, teaching and learning, addressing human needs, countering phenomenological forces, and enhancing an environment that is supportive (Walker & Avant, 2011). Tenets related to Watson are spread across the four aforementioned metaparadigms that inform nursing

Inner Conflict in Gaines A Lesson Before Dying Essay -- Lesson Before

Inner Conflict in Gaines' A Lesson Before Dying   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "They sentence you to death because you were at the wrong place at the wrong time, with no proof that you had anything at all to do with the crime other than being there when it happened. Yet six months later they come and unlock your cage and tell you, We, us, white folks all, have decided it’s time for you to die, because this is the convenient date and time" (158). Ernest J. Gaines shows the internal conflicts going through the mind of Mr. Wiggins in his novel A Lesson Before Dying (1933). Mr. Wiggins is struggling through life and can’t find his way until he is called upon against his own will to help an innocent man, Jefferson. The help is not that of freeing him at all. Jefferson will get the death penalty no matter what. It is that of making him a man. When Jefferson’s defender tried to get him off the death penalty he called Jefferson a stupid hog, not even a boy. Mr. Wiggins wants to leave the town and everyone in it except for Vivia n, his girlfriend, behind, but he can’t or won’t. Everything is hanging in the balance of what happens to Jefferson. Mr. Wiggins is characterized through a series of changes with the help of one man, Jefferson, throughout A Lesson Before Dying mainly shown in spoken quotes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mr. Wiggins stubborn attitude is shown very early when he says, " ‘Suppose I was allowed to visit him, and suppose I reached him and made him realize that he was as much a man as any other man; then what? He’s still going to die. . . So what will I have accomplished? What will I have done? Why not let the hog die without knowing anything?’ " (31). The way he uses hog is important in knowing that he doesn’t give a lick what happens to this kid. He was talki... ...‘I saw the transformation, Grant Wiggins. . . He never could have done that. I saw the transformation. I’m a witness to that’ " (254). Paul did see the transformation of Jefferson right before he was executed by the electric chair. Jefferson was the only one in the room not scared and he took it like a man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mr. Wiggins is changed in this novel through many internal conflicts that he never could have accomplished without one brave man, Jefferson. The voice he uses is not obvious, but it is there. Mr. Wiggins finally learns that anyone could leave his small town behind; they just need a little help along the way. One final quote sums up all the pains and triumphs Grant has with Jefferson, "Yes, I told myself. It is finally over" (252). Works Cited Gaines, Ernest J. A Lesson Before Dying. New York: Vintage Books Division of Random House, Inc., 1994.

Having A Sense Of Being Different Essay

Normalcy is almost impossible to define however we can all identify those which society considers being abnormal. For those who fit into this category, belonging can be a difficult achievement. It is important to take into account what is to be normal however why some people have a sense of being different as well. Those who are considered different can find it difficult to belong however for some this is the desired outcome. Mundooroo’s text Wild Cat Falling explores the ideas of having a sense of identity and belonging and how difficult it can be when you are different. Being normal can be difficult to understand. In society there are rules, values and expectations which ‘normal’ people follow. They provide people with a sense of purpose and belonging as if they are a significant part of a group. It also provides people with stability, security and safety. Belonging to a community with shared rules and values can be a given such as a student at school. Students are generally required to wear uniform so they can be identified as a student. They are also required to respect teachers and call them by their names as well as raising your hand in class if you have a question. This is an expectation that schools have administered over the years and is considered general behaviour and ‘normal’ in a school environment. The protagonist in Wildcat Falling is an aboriginal boy who attends school and lives in a house, which the Noongar kids call the ‘†a-di-dah house†. His father was white therefore he was sent to school as an expectation of white people however kids similar to him from both aboriginal parents can’t afford to go to school and see Wildcat as ‘different’. This makes it difficult for him to find where he belongs and they call him â€Å"a cocky in a cage†. Normal is the values and expectations people follow to feel secure and safe and is if they belong. It may be all well and good to be normal, but some people have a sense of being different which can make it difficult to belong. It can be hard for some people because they just don’t fit into ‘normal’ societal expectations for example 1950s gay men and women. It was deemed very abnormal to be attracted to the opposite sex as it also goes against religious beliefs.  People with a physical disability and mental health issues can also find it very difficult to belong as people in society aren’t always educated about them therefore don’t understand or accept their situation as they are not familiar with it. This can be very degrading towards people with disability and make their lives difficult to lead. Like these people, Wildcat finds it difficult to feel as though he belongs. In order to gain that feeling, he alters his arrest so that he could be put into solitary confinement. â€Å"After solitary the prison accepted me as if I had never been accep ted outside. I belonged†. In this aspect he was recognised as ‘tough’ by the other prisoners and wasn’t rejected. Being different can make it hard not to be rejected by society. In many cases people choose not to belong however as they reject societal norms such as Emos for example. Yes, they look and act different to ‘ordinary’ people. They have the desire to attract attention by the way they dress and present themselves. Emos are stereotyped as depressed people who cut themselves, have dark hair that covers most of their face as well as wearing black clothes. That however is an extremely stereotypical view of emos. They are appropriately considered to poses very strong emotions, hence the word emo. They choose to outwardly express themselves unlike majority of society that choose to often keep their emotions neutral due to fear of judgment and the desire to belong and feel valued by others. Wildcat sees the world as a â€Å"fake heaven† and jail as a refuge. He doesn’t want to belong in society because he finds it â€Å"unrealistic† and believes released people will â€Å"fail and fail†. Therefore having that abnorm al sense can make it difficult to belong however that can ultimately be the desired outcome for many. Normal and different have many aspects that define them both. To be normal can be influenced by values and expectations, which if they aren’t generally followed can lead people to be viewed as different. Despite all of this, many people find it hard to belong by being different and others simply don’t seek to be the same in any way. Many people in society do want to stand out and be different. EOD: This essay is designed to engage an audience of year 12 students who are familiar with the ideas of the context â€Å"Identity and Belonging†. I have chosen to adopt and expository form in order to enable me to explore my key ideas in a formal style at writing. I have chosen formal language in order to convey my message in a manner that will ensure my audience understands what I am exploring. My expository essay will address the big ideas of what it is to be normal, how some people find it hard to belong if they are different and how some people don’t want to be accepted in response to the prompt. My essay will utilize both outside references and references to the text Wildcat Falling in order to support my big ideas.

Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2436 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Lung Cancer Essay Did you like this example? The Lungs are paired organs in the chest that perform respiration. Each human has two lungs. Each lung is between 10 and 12 inches long. Lung function normally peaks in the late teens and early twenties. After the early twenties, lung function declines about 1 percent a year over the rest of a persons lifetime. What do your Lungs do? Your lungs do a vital job. Each day, you take about 23,000 breaths, which bring almost 10,000 quarts of air into your lungs. The air that you breath in contains several gases, including oxygen, that your cells need to function. With each breath, your lungs add fresh oxygen to your blood, which then carries it to your cells. The lungs are the essential respiration organ in humans. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. Human lungs are located in two cavities on either side of the heart. Though similar in appearance, the two are not identical. Both are separated into lobes, with three lobes on the right and two on the left. Lungs are to a certain extent overbuilt and have a tremendous reserve volume as compared to the oxygen exchange requirements when at rest. This is one of the reasons that individuals can smoke for years without having a noticeable decrease in l ung function while still or moving slowly; in situations like these only a small portion of the lungs are actually perfused with blood for gas exchange. As oxygen requirements increase due to exercise, a greater volume of the lungs is perfused, allowing the body to match its carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange requirements. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking" essay for you Create order The connective tissue that divides lobules is often blackened in smokers and city dwellers. Cancer is the malignant growth of body cells into structures called tumors. This is the situation where the body cells multiply uncontrollably. Lung cancer is the uncontrollable growth of cells within the lungs which are vital for the process of breathing in. the abnormal cells do not carry out the normal practices as the usual lung cells this will result into breathing problems as lung cells are programmed to do other functions. The case of lung cancer can develop in one of the lungs or two of them. acute stage of the disease is very dangerous and can result into serious breathing problems. If not dealt with the disease my cripple the functioning of the lungs which cannot be transplanted and the individual may eventually die. Cancer treatment is better done in the early stages of its development. The earlier it is diagnosed the faster the healing process. Growth of the cells may occur in the tubules which will eventually block the supply of oxygen to the body. This may result into f ainting. Lung cancer primarily attacks the lungs as it main target hence the name lung cancer. The malicious cell activity in the lungs result into the growth of tumors. Cells affected by cancer are normally bigger or longer than normal and may not sent the same effect as the normal cells. Consider cells that control production of the mucus lining in the breathing system get attacked by cancer, they will grow bigger and will now code for other characteristics leading to no production of mucus. Other organs that primarily rely on the lungs such as the brain may also be affected. The terminal organs that are also affected by the cancer of the lungs include the brain, the heart, the adrenal gland and bones especially those that secrete red blood cells. The brain may also be affected by lung cancer. Note the tumors growing in the lungs. Lungs are an essential part of the body. The body requires oxygen for most of its vital organs like the brain and the heart to work well. Failure of the lungs will result in failure of other body organs when the infection of the disease reaches the acute stage and can no longer be manageable. The body cell activity relies on energy for cellular respiration which requires the use of oxygen. Failure of the lungs will mean that the victim cannot survive anymore. Only on the extraordinary treatment like the life support machine. Cancer introduces an over growth pattern in the lungs by allowing the cells to grow bigger or longer. This will result in the formation of tumors. The cells now forming the tumor are modified by the infection and are called tumor cells. Tumors appear like swellings and generally deform the shape of the cells and the lung sin general. Bigger tumors have an effect on the bronchiole pipes by blocking them. Blocked bronchioles mean that the body cannot conduct gaseous exchange and hence one may suffer suffocation. Modification of the size of the cells increase the size of molecules inside the cell hence changing its codding. Such cells stop carrying out their normal functions this will result in the failure of the organs. Malicious cells in the lungs affect the cell neighboring them, this results to the spreading of the cancerous activity. It is also estimated that cancer of the lings may end up infecting the liver which may lead to afresh problem, liver cancer. The diagram alongside ref ers to how the malignant cells could transfer to the liver causing other secondary infections There are different kind of symptoms that manifest the presence of lung cancer. Malicious growing of cells may cause them to burst, the victim will eventually experience coughs that contain blood. Even if this traces of blood may be small it is good not to ignore the instance. The enlarging tumor in the chest causes pressure on the surrounding cells resulting into pain in the chest. Victims run out of breath since they are taking in less air due to the blocked bronchioles. A hoarse voice may be experienced doe to lack of free movement of air in the system. The difficulty in breathing may cause problems with the vocal cords. Frequent lung infections like inflammation of lungs, frequent coughs. There is little oxygen in the body to carry out respiration, cells wear out and the patient feels tired. The patient may start experiencing loss of weight when the patient feeds well. Small cell lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer occurs almost exclusively in heavy smokers and is less common than non-small cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer is an umbrella term for several types of lung cancers that behave in a similar way. Non-small cell lung cancers include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Active and passive smoking can result in someone getting cancer. Cigarettes have cancer causing materials called carcinogens. Carcinogens get introduced to the lungs through smoking both active and passive smokers have a high risk of getting cancer. Secondhand smoke causes 30 times as many lung cancer deaths as caused by all other air pollutants combined. Hundreds of thousands of other nonsmokers, exposed to secondhand smoke, have developed lung cancer. Studies show that a person breathing secondhand smoke is exposed to the same tar, nicotine, cyanide, formaldehyde, arsenic, ammonia, methane, carbon monoxide and other harmful ingredients as the person smoking a cigarette. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ranks secondhand smoke as one of the most dangerous cancer-causing substances. Secondhand smoke promotes genetic changes in your cells that interfere with cell development and increase the risk of some cancers. If you or a member of your household smokes around your children, your children can inhale the equivalent of 102 packs of cigarettes by age 5. Effects on children include: Increased ear infections Increased respiratory infections Increased risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Exposure to secondhand smoke is a serious health risk. It affects everyone†whether they smoke or not. Spit tobacco, smokeless tobacco, snus, chew, pinch, plug or dipcall it what you want, but dont call it harmless. If you are thinking about switching from cigarettes to smokeless tobacco because you think the smokeless version wont hurt you, be forewarnedsmokeless tobacco also causes serious health problems. Spit tobacco contains 28 cancer-causing agents (carcinogens). It is a known cause of human cancer, as it increases the risk of developing cancer of the oral cavity. It can also cause a number of non-cancerous conditions and can lead to nicotine addiction and dependence. Some of the ingredients in spit tobacco include polonium 210, N-nitrosamines, formaldehyde, nicotine, cadmium, cyanide, arsenic, benzene, and lead. All these materials are called carcinogens they are argents that can cause cancer. They are mostly products of radioactive processes in the soil, air or factories. They cause gene mutations in the cells of the lungs especially when they are likely to cause cancer. Gene mutation will result into the malicious growth of the lung cells hence resulting into cancerous materials. If youve never smoked, dont start. Talk to your children about not smoking so that they can understand how to avoid this major risk factor for lung cancer. Begin conversations about the dangers of smoking with your children early so that they know how to react to peer pressure. Stop smoking now. Quitting reduces your risk of lung cancer, even if youve smoked for years. Talk to your doctor about strategies and stop-smoking aids that can help you quit. Options include nicotine replacement products, medications and support groups. Chewing of tobacco increases the risk of getting cancer by 28 % which is the level of carcinogens in the raw tobacco. If youve never smoked, dont start. Talk to your children about not smoking so that they can understand how to avoid this major risk factor for lung cancer. Begin conversations about the dangers of smoking with your children early so that they know how to react to peer pressure. Stop smoking now. Quitting reduces your risk of lung cancer, even if youve smoked for years. Talk to your doctor about strategies and stop-smoking aids that can help you quit. Options include nicotine replacement products, medications and support groups. Chewing of tobacco increases the risk of getting cancer by 28 % which is the level of carcinogens in the raw tobacco. If you live or work with a smoker, urge him or her to quit. At the very least, ask him or her to smoke outside. Avoid areas where people smoke, such as bars and restaurants, and seek out smoke-free options Cancerous materials can be passed from the mother to the child when still in the womb as a foetus. Research has shown that there are more instances of recurrence of any form of cancer including lung cancer in the offspring of parents who suffered cancer. This is because genetic material is inheritable and cancer is a genetic complication. This means that a baby can inherit genetic coding with cancer. This will later develop in the child of the generations of a child Mutations are sudden changes in the gene make up of an individual. Gene mutation is caused by mutagens. Mutagens in the environment may result int o mutation of the original cells of the body and develop malicious developments which become cancer UV light can expose the body to dangerous frequencies of light that the body cannot sustain. The strong wavelength of the u.v light may afler cell components and its genetic making. The new gene formed could be malignant and could send signals to the lung cells causing them to be cancerous. Genetically modified foods rely on gene technology to improve the yielding capacity of plants and animals. Eating food with such chemicals is dangerous as the establishment of the carcinogens in the body. Frequently feeding on such cross bread crops or foods can develop cancerous cells in the body. During surgery your surgeon works to remove the lung cancer and a margin of healthy tissue. Procedures to remove lung cancer include: Wedge resection to remove a small section of lung that contains the tumor along with a margin of healthy tissue Segmental resection to remove a larger portion of lung, but not an entire lobe Lobectomy to remove the entire lobe of one lung Pneumonectomy to remove an entire lung If you undergo surgery, your surgeon may also remove lymph nodes from your chest in order to check them for signs of cancer. Advanced surgical techniques such as minimally invasive surgery and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) may reduce the amount of time you need to spend in the hospital after lung cancer surgery and may help you return to your normal activities sooner. Research shows that people who undergo minimally invasive lung cancer surgery at hospitals that perform many of these operations every year tend to experience less pain and fewer complications. Mayo Clinic surgeons perform more than 900 VATS procedures every year. Radiation therapy Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams from sources such as X-rays and protons to kill cancer cells. During radiation therapy, you lie on a table while a machine moves around you, directing radiation to precise points on your body. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. One or more chemotherapy drugs may be given through a vein in your arm (intravenously) or taken orally. A combination of drugs usually is given in a series of treatments over a period of weeks or months, with breaks in between so that you can recover. Radiosurgery Stereotactic body radiotherapy, also known as radiosurgery, is an intense radiation treatment that aims many beams of radiation from many angles at the cancer. Stereotactic body radiotherapy treatment is typically completed in one or a few treatments. Solid wastes like plastics, packagings and other hospital wastes make the environment dirty making it less appealing to stay in. hospitals may burn their wastes releasing smoke into the air which pollutes the air. Plastic, glass and metallic wastes are not biodegradable and will lead to destruction of the soil structure in the area. Chemical wastes from hospitals are dangerous to us and the environment. Radioactive chemicals may change the structure of soil and even transfer health complications to the locals. Such material should be handled with care. Chemicals may affect the chemical composition of soil affecting plant cover and animal life in the area. Needles and scalpels from the hospitals were used for injections and surgical procedures. They are dangerous to human contact because they can spread infectious diseases like HIV and tetanus if one is accidentally cut. Children are dangerous with such things and may harm one another. Such materials are mostly plastic and metallic and take too long to decay hence are dangerous to the environment. Dumpsites for hospitals are more likely to stink if they are not well taken care of.