Definition and Examples of Essays or Compositions

The term essay comes from the French for trial or attempt. French author  Michel de Montaigne coined the term when he assigned the title Essais to his first publication in 1580. In Montaigne: A Biography (1984), Donald Frame notes that Montaigne often used the verb essayer (in modern French, normally to try) in ways close to his project, related to experience, with the sense of trying out or testing. An essay is a short work of nonfiction, while a writer of essays is called an essayist. In writing instruction, essay is often used as another word for composition. In an essay, an authorial voice  (or narrator) typically invites an implied reader  (the audience) to accept as authentic a certain textual mode of experience.   Definitions and Observations [An essay is a] composition, usually in prose.., which may be of only a few hundred words (like Bacons Essays) or of book length (like Lockes Essay Concerning Human Understanding) and which discusses, formally or informally, a topic or a variety of topics.(J.A. Cuddon, Dictionary of Literary Terms. Basil, 1991)Essays are how we speak to one another in print — caroming thoughts not merely in order to convey a certain packet of information, but with a special edge or bounce of personal character in a kind of public letter.(Edward Hoagland, Introduction, The Best American Essays: 1999. Houghton, 1999)[T]he essay traffics in fact and tells the truth, yet it seems to feel free to enliven, to shape, to embellish, to make use as necessary of elements of the imaginative and the fictive — thus its inclusion in that rather unfortunate current designation creative nonfiction.(G. Douglas Atkins, Reading Essays: An Invitation. University of Georgia Press, 2007) Montaignes Autobiographical EssaysAlthough Michel de Montaigne, who fathered the modern essay in the 16th century, wrote autobiographically (like the essayists who claim to be his followers today), his autobiography was always in the service of larger existential discoveries. He was forever on the lookout for life lessons. If he recounted the sauces he had for dinner and the stones that weighted his kidney, it was to find an element of truth that we could put in our pockets and carry away, that he could put in his own pocket. After all, Philosophy — which is what he thought he practiced in his essays, as had his idols, Seneca and Cicero, before him — is about learning to live. And here lies the problem with essayists today: not that they speak of themselves, but that they do so with no effort to make their experience relevant or useful to anyone else, with no effort to extract from it any generalizable insight into the human condition.(Cristina Nehring, What’s Wr ong With the American Essay. Truthdig, Nov. 29, 2007) The Artful Formlessness of the Essay[G]ood essays are works of literary art. Their supposed formlessness is more a strategy to disarm the reader with the appearance of unstudied spontaneity than a reality of composition. . . .The essay form as a whole has long been associated with an experimental method. This idea goes back to Montaigne and his endlessly suggestive use of the term essai for his writing. To essay is to attempt, to test, to make a run at something without knowing whether you are going to succeed. The experimental association also derives from the other fountain-head of the essay, Francis Bacon, and his stress on the empirical inductive method, so useful in the development of the social sciences.(Phillip Lopate, The Art of the Personal Essay. Anchor, 1994) Articles vs. Essays[W]hat finally distinguishes an essay from an article may just be the authors gumption, the extent to which personal voice, vision, and style are the prime movers and shapers, even though the authorial I may be only a remote energy, nowhere visible but everywhere present.(Justin Kaplan, ed. The Best American Essays: 1990. Ticknor Fields, 1990)I am predisposed to the essay with knowledge to impart — but, unlike journalism, which exists primarily to present facts, the essays transcend their data, or transmute it into personal meaning. The memorable essay, unlike the article, is not place or time-bound; it survives the occasion of its original composition. Indeed, in the most brilliant essays, language is not merely the medium of communication; it is communication.(Joyce Carol Oates, quoted by Robert Atwan in The Best American Essays, College Edition, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, 1998)I speak of a genuine essay because fakes abound. Here the old-fashioned term po etaster may apply, if only obliquely. As the poetaster is to the poet — a lesser aspirant — so the average article is to the essay: a look-alike knockoff guaranteed not to wear well. An article is often gossip. An essay is reflection and insight. An article often has the temporary advantage of social heat — whats hot out there right now. An essays heat is interior. An article can be timely, topical, engaged in the issues and personalities of the moment; it is likely to be stale within the month. In five years it may have acquired the quaint aura of a rotary phone. An article is usually Siamese-twinned to its date of birth. An essay defies its date of birth — and ours, too. (A necessary caveat: some genuine essays are popularly called articles — but this is no more than an idle, though persistent, habit of speech. Whats in a name? The ephemeral is the ephemeral. The enduring is the enduring.)(Cynthia Ozick, SHE: Portrait of the Essay as a Warm Body. The Atlantic Monthly, September 1998) The Status of the EssayThough the essay has been a popular form of writing in British and American periodicals since the 18th century, until recently its status in the literary canon has been, at best, uncertain. Relegated to the composition class, frequently dismissed as mere journalism, and generally ignored as an object for serious academic study, the essay has sat, in James Thurbers phrase, on the edge of the chair of Literature.In recent years, however, prompted by both a renewed interest in rhetoric and by poststructuralist redefinitions of literature itself, the essay — as well as such related forms of literary nonfiction as biography, autobiography, and travel and nature writing — has begun to attract increasing critical attention and respect.(Richard Nordquist, Essay, in Encylopedia of American Literature, ed. S. R. Serafin. Continuum, 1999) The Contemporary EssayAt present, the American magazine essay, both the long feature piece and the critical essay, is flourishing, in unlikely circumstances...There are plenty of reasons for this. One is that magazines, big and small, are taking over some of the cultural and literary ground vacated by newspapers in their seemingly unstoppable evaporation. Another is that the contemporary essay has for some time now been gaining energy as an escape from, or rival to, the perceived conservatism of much mainstream fiction...So the contemporary essay is often to be seen engaged in acts of apparent anti-novelization: in place of plot, there is drift or the fracture of numbered paragraphs; in place of a frozen verisimilitude, there may be a sly and knowing movement between reality and fictionality; in place of the impersonal author of standard-issue third-person realism, the authorial self pops in and out of the picture, with a liberty hard to pull off in fiction.(James Wood, Reality Effec ts. The New Yorker, Dec. 19 26, 2011) The Lighter Side of Essays: The Breakfast Club Essay AssignmentAll right people, were going to try something a little different today. We are going to write an essay of not less than a thousand words describing to me who you think you are. And when I say essay, I mean essay, not one word repeated a thousand times. Is that clear, Mr. Bender?(Paul Gleason as Mr. Vernon)Saturday, March 24, 1984Shermer High SchoolShermer, Illinois 60062Dear Mr. Vernon,We accept the fact that we had to sacrifice a whole Saturday in detention for whatever it was we did wrong. What we did was wrong. But we think youre crazy to make us write this essay telling you who we think we are. What do you care? You see us as you want to see us — in the simplest terms, in the most convenient definitions. You see us as a brain, an athlete, a basket case, a princess and a criminal. Correct? Thats the way we saw each other at seven oclock this morning. We were brainwashed...But what we found out is that each one o f us is a brain and an athlete and a basket case, a princess, and a criminal. Does that answer your question?Sincerely yours,The Breakfast Club(Anthony Michael Hall as Brian Johnson, The Breakfast Club, 1985)

John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men - 866 Words

Imagery is a way for humans to see without seeing. John Steinbeck’s Of Mice And Men uses this in an animistic way. The main subjects to this are the environment and the main character, Lennie. In the novel, Lennie is constantly traveling with his best friend George looking for work. Lennie has some mental disabilities so it is hard to stay anywhere long because he always does something wrong. However, when they find a farm to work on, Lennie accidentally kills a woman and George feels that he is forced to put Lennie out of his misery by killing him. Uses of animal imagery in the novel include the bear and horse description, the dog being killed, and the snake gliding across the water. Steinbeck uses animal imagery to show the reader how to better understand the characters and the environment in a more influential way. The use of the bear and the horse provides a foundation upon which the reader can understand Lennie. While Lennie and George are walking, Lennie is being described as â€Å"dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws†(Steinbeck 2). This accomplishes the idea of Lennie’s body and mind. When one hears of dragging feet like a bear, he or she should immediately think of clumsiness. His clumsiness eventually leading to the death of a woman. The main reason that Steinbeck uses this imagery is to portray the image of a bear in the mind of readers when he or she thinks of Lennie. Another example of animal imagery is when Lennie is drinking from the lake and heShow MoreRelatedJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1248 Words   |  5 PagesIn Steinbeck s novel Of Mice and Men, He uses imagery many times to create a realistic setting and plot. Steinbeck’s depiction of migrant workers and their daily complications during the depression are objectively precise due to his use of imagery with idioms, dreams, nature, loneliness and animal imagery. The main theme of the book transpires to be loneliness and fate. While George and Lennie, the main characters have a synergetic relationship, fate steps in and does away with their dreams, whichRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men897 Words   |  4 Pagesthat we possess. Many people feel certain emotions based on events that have taken place in their lifetime or how they were raised throughout their childhood. In John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, he portrays the feelings of isolation and loneliness in three different characters. George’s isolation is illustrated in Steinbeck’s, Of Mice and Men. George expresses many hard feelings towards Lennie at the opening of this story. â€Å"‘...you’re a lot of trouble,’ said George. ‘I could get along so easy and soRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1243 Words   |  5 Pagesis what John Steinbeck achieves by portraying this through the characters in his novella Of Mice and Men. The main characters are affected by loneliness in their own different way throughout the novella. rf The loneliness is maintained by the challenges that the characters have to face, and they sustain those challenges of being inhumane towards each other. Crook, a figure in the story who experiences discrimination encounters the challenge of race, due to the book’s setting in the 1930’s duringRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1080 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"I want you to stay with me Lennie. Jesus Christ, somebody’d shoot you for a coyote if you was by yourself.† The novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck shows the relationship between two migrant workers in the 1930s, George and Lennie, along with the other members on the new ranch that they began working on. Georgie and Lennie dreamed of following the American Dream and owning their own patch of land and the novel revolves around the dream and the obstacles that stand in their way. Lennie, a strongRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men2167 Words   |  9 Pagesjobs. In John Steinbeck’ s Of Mice and Men, George Milton and Lennie Small wander through California in search of a new job that would help them make enough money to live their American dream on â€Å"the fatta the lan’†(Steinbeck 14). George and Lennie’s hard work and determination is not enough for them to live their dream. Lennie has a mental disability that slows the two friends down from living their dream; they have to run from job to job because of Lennie’s unintentional actions. Steinbeck incorporatesRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1286 Words   |  6 PagesThe realistic fiction novella Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck explains the journey of two migrant farm workers. Lennie and George are forced to overcome the Dust Bowl and The Great Depression around 1938. This makes jobs even harder to come by because everyone wanted one. Lennie and George were kicked out of Weed and they now work at a ranch in Soledad. At the new farm the friendship between Lennie and George becomes harder to maintain. The people on the farm are all different shapes, sizes, andRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1448 Words   |  6 Pages In the novella, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck discusses the idea of loneliness and how people who work at the ranch have no family and no future in lives. He indicates that all people at the ranch are lonely, but he specifically uses a few characters to highlight their state of being lonely and more miserable than the others. He emp hasizes the loneliness of ranch life during the Great Depression, and shows how people are willing to try and find friendship in order to escape from the state ofRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1360 Words   |  6 Pagesfeeling, thinking and acting in everyday life. In the story Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, a duo of farmers, George and Lennie, search for work wherever they can. Their dream of having a farm of their own is coming into reach, while George has to wield Lennie away from the temptation of Curley’s wife and the reality of what Lennie can do. John Steinbeck uses characterization to illustrate the nature of human existence. Steinbeck portrays George as a man who tries to help, and helps others soRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1205 Words   |  5 Pagesand the time period of John Steinbeck s novella, Of Mice and Men, exemplifies the idea that people from minorities are held back from achieving their version of the ‘American Dream’. This goes to prove not everyone will overcome the overbearing tidal waves of their hardships, which makes the American Dream nothing more than a dream to them. Crooks, the black stable hand, faces discrimination due to his skin color as this unfortunately was common in the 1930’s. John Steinbeck uses Crooks’ situationRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men968 Words   |  4 PagesSolidifying the theme of John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, the protagonist George expresses his significant loneliness despite a strong kinship with his friend Lennie, â€Å"’I ain’t got no people†¦ I seen the guys that go around the ranches alone. That ain’t no good’† (41). Published in 1937, amidst the horrific turmoil of the Great Depression, Steinbeck’s novella struck a sensitive chord with readers. Set in the heart of California’s Central Valley, this story follows two men, George and Lennie, as they

Essay About The Rights Of Men Free Essays

1. Copy and paste the introduction to your essay in the space below. what is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay About The Rights Of Men or any similar topic only for you Order Now Using techniques learned in this lesson, write the conclusion to your essay in the space below. In August 1789 a fundamental document of the French Revolution and in the history of human rights It defined the individual and the collective rights of all the estates of the realms universal. Influenced by the doctrine of â€Å"natural right†, the rights of man are held to be universal: valid at all times and in every place, pertaining to human nature itself. It became the basis for a nation of free individuals protected equally by law. It is included in the preamble of the constitutions of both the Fourth French Republic (1946) and Fifth Republic (1958) and is still current. Inspired in part by the American Revolution, the Declaration was a core statement of the values of the French revolution and had a major impact on the development of liberty and democracy in Europe and worldwide. Now, let’s break your conclusion apart to show the different techniques you used. 3. How did you connect your introduction and your conclusion? (Did you use a similar technique, repetition of a significant word or phrase, etc.?) Explain. I did use some of the techniques but i’m not really sure if they’re right but i am sure that i used the signals closure 4. Copy and paste the words or sentence that signals closure of your essay  that the Declaration was a core statement of the values of the French revolution and had a major impact on the development of liberty and democracy in Europe and worldwide. 5. Copy and paste the sentences that synthesize your ideas. Remember,  synthesis combines the main ideas of your essay AND comments on the significance of those ideas. It is included in the preamble of the constitutions of both the Fourth French Republic (1946) and Fifth Republic (1958) and is still current. 6. Copy and paste the sentences that answer the question from the prompt: What conclusion or implications can you draw? (It is okay if you have these sentences as a part of your synthesis or challenge to your audience. Include them here as well. It is also okay if these sentences are separate from those two elements.) It is included in the preamble of the constitutions of both the Fourth French Republic (1946) and Fifth Republic (1958) and is still current. 7. Copy and paste the sentences from your conclusion that challenge your audience to think, feel, or do something. The rights of man are held to be universal: valid at all times and in every place, pertaining to human nature itself. It became the basis for a nation of free individuals protected equally by law How to cite Essay About The Rights Of Men, Essays

Effects of Legal Framework Woolworth Limited

Question: How legal frameworks affects Woolworth limited. Answer: Introduction This report examines the management of Woolworth Limited Company Australia. The aim of the report is to study the various legal frameworks and policies and observe how they influence operation of the company. The report will also examine some of the international policies that affect the business at a global level Woolworth Limited Background Woolworth Limited is one of Australias biggest retail company regarding revenue and the second largest in New Zealand. It boasts of being the biggest liquor retailer in Australia and also offers gaming and hotel services. With its headquarters based in Sydney Australia, Woolworth runs about 961 stores in Australia alone and boasts of 111,000 employees who are stationed in various stores and distribution centers to run its operations. Globally the number of staff working for this organization stands at 193,000 according to Woolworth annual report of 2016 Its products are mainly sold in supermarkets, hotels, and pubs. In supermarkets, it operates under the Woolworth brand while in liquor stores it supplies Dan Murphys and BWS. In hotels and pubs, Woolworth Limited operates under the ALH Group (Australian Leisure and Hospitality Group). The group is believed to own over 10,000 poker machines in Australia which bring in over $1.2 billion regarding revenue each year. In summary, Woolworths ranks amongst the top food retailers in the world and approximately 31% of market share in Australia(See appendix 1) Changes in the market structure have pushed organizations to think outside the box when it comes to developing strategies that will lead the company to profitability. One of the main factor that affects and determines which strategy is to be used is the external environment. According to Hollensen (2007) the strategy adopted by Woolworth limited is aimed at achieving higher profitability and growth while at the same time minimizing operational losses. In addition the analysis further indicates that Woolworth just like other global companies is susceptible to environmental factors that might affect its operations and profitability in the long run (Kotler Armstrong, 2010). Competition Policy Review Woolworth has been making a difference in terms of profit margins in the recent past, but the introduction of major amendments in the competition policy which seeks to introduce major micro-economic reforms threatens the growth of this organization. Some of the major concerns that Woolworth has raised concern over and will affect the profit margin of the company includes the amendments in the Consumer and Competition Act of 2010 that will create a leeway for misuse of market power provisions. Changes in this clause may negatively affect the performance of Woolworth in the already volatile market. For instance the amendment of clause that would see non prohibition on price discrimination introduced into the competition policy has been welcomed by main players in the grocery sector as this would give and a better opportunity to increase their sales revenue. In addition an amendment that would see greater flexibility in the notification process for collective bargaining by upcoming businesses has also been highly welcomed by players in the grocer sector. Despite this there those amendments that have raised concern in the circles of management at Woolworth with regard to the competition policy. One of such amendment has been the extension of section 45 of the Competition and Consumer Act to cover what is reffered tto as concerted practices.If implemented this will have a negative effect on competition and in worst cases be harmful to the consumers who are at the receiving end. Another detrimental reform that may negatively affect woolworths perfomannce would be the introduction of the infamous effect-test Competition Policy Agenda Woolworth is operating in a market that is highly volatile and any changes to the competition policy may equally affect the performance of the business. The Australian government has moved to introduce various amendments in the competition policy some which have further favoured the business while others have been seen as a threat to the operation of the business. Woolworth as a retail industry in Australia has been one of the leading retail store in the industry. The firm has achieved a significant level of the market share and exponential growth across the Australian retail industry One of the main factors that has drove Woolworth into profitability especially in the Australian retail industry is the ability to operate multiple stores thus having the advantage of being spread over a larger geographical area as compared to its competitors. It commands about 31% of the market share in the Australian market alone (Kotler, et al,2009) Woolworth is also famous of their high food safety standard which has seen it attract more customers in the recent past. Safe and fresh products are always an attractive bargain for customers and this has further pushed up sales in major Woolworth outlets in Australia. In addition the prices of Woolworth products are affordable and this has attracted more customers to shop at their convenient stores (Johnson, Whittington,and Scholes, 2009),. Woolworth is also offering value for money to its clients. For instance, their products are fresh and hygienically prepared for the end consumer. This includes fruits and vegetables and other grocery products. The firm has gone ahead to partner with best farmers in Australia and its environs to supply them with fresh farm produce (Cadle, Paul, and Turner.2010). Legal Factors As Woolworth boasts of higher profit margins environmental factors continue to affect the productivity of the company in the Australian market. A closer look at its operations data show that the wine making business and its petrol investment have direct effect to the environment and thus having negatively affected its operations Legal factors has also played a role in affected the profitability of the company. Policies such as carborn tax that have been introduced by the government in Australia have seen companies such as Woolworth counting their losses. Other policies recently introduced such as the adoption of fair price policies have had similar effects on the profitability of the company (Wether and Otter, 2014). Political factors .Any political lobbying that may lead to the amendment of trade policies within the Australian economy may adversely affect the profitability of Woolworth in this market. Changes to local or national laws that do not support favorable working environment may in turn affect companies that are to operate under this new political dispensation (Starlin,2003). This might have serious implications on this firms in terms of profitability. In the recent years the Australian government has launched a series of laws that seem to negate fair competition in the market. This policies have seen to target specific companies within the retail industry and in the long run this companies have recorded losses. This companies include Woolworth. Their argument has been that Woolworth and other companies are enjoying monopoly and market dominance hence the need to amend the law to favor other players Economic .Factors that affect economy such as the rate of inflation and the weakening of the Australian dollars have been observed as serious economic factors that may bring a company to its ground. Trade regulations have also been seen as a threat to profitability of many businesses. A look at Australian retail market reveals that a deep in the market conditions as a result of bad economy has eventually throne the retail market into disarray. This has in turn negatively affected the productivity of market players such as Woolworth. Weakening of the Australian dollar and high inflation rates has further worsened the situation ((Woolworth Annual Report,2016) Technological advancement has also been seen as a key driver of the economy. Global companies like Woolworth have taken advantage of this tool and they are raking millions of profits due to efficiency and cost effectiveness that has been achieved as a result of technology. For instace looking at the Australian market, Woolworth has adopted the use of technology. Use of green refrigeration technology is just but a few of the many places where technology has been adopted in this company. However this tool has its fair share of trouble since it comes with disadvantages that may affect the productivity of the organization (Arthur, 2009). Cross-cultural practices and social factors should also be considered by company that is seeking to penetrate the market that it operates in. In Australia social factors are influencing consumer pattern. With this in mind companies need to invest heavily on the social and cultural practices of the consumers in order to push their products to potential consumers. Woolworth will have to develop ties with the local community through engagement and corporate social responsibility to increase customer base (Burt. Starlin,2003). An in-depth analysis of Woolworths limited has been conducted with an aim to assess the important strategies that have been in put in place to drive productivity. The result of the analysis has shown that Woolworth has specifically focused its strategies to control the market share in the Australian retail industry while at the same time attaining double growth in its operations. It is evident that the growth being experience in the firm is as a result of its strong commitment towards delivering high quality products to its customers while at the same time valuing its employees. The analysis of the macro environment facing Australian retail industry has had a direct impact on Woolworth as a firm operating within this market. Political conditions, social trends, changing demographic patterns and competitive business environment have all negatively affected the profit margin and overall growth of Woolworth.(McDonald and Wilson,2011). Conclusion According to the analysis, the Australia retail industry is flooded with companies offering similar products at almost the same price as Woolworth. Other retail stores have moved an edge further to cut the prices of their products so as to attract more customers to their stores. This move can adversely affect the profit margin of Woolworth especially if the competitors are offering high-quality products at a lower price. Woolworth needs to come up with a strategy to mitigate market price-wars that may arise as a result of this. For starters, they should avoid paying attention to the price competition and focus more on improving service delivery thus having an extra edge over their major competitors. They can also plan to buy out the upcoming new players in the market to reduce the level of competition Finally, the Australian retail market is a volatile market. Therefore Woolworth will be required to be in constant consultation with market observers in order to come up with strategies that will see the company sail through constant changes in the environment they operate in. This therefore will require strategies that are flexible and can accommodate sudden changes brought about by external environment(Porter, 2010). Economic indicators should also act as a red flag for the company when crafting up strategies that would see the company maximize their profit. Changes in the legal frame work will also have an effect on the operation of such firms and as a result this companies should always be on their feet thinking of how to maximize profit and minimize loss irrespective of these eventualities References Albaum, G. Duerr, E.2008. International Marketing and Export Management. Sixth Edition Albaum, G. Duerr, E.2008. International Marketing and Export Management. Sixth EditionPrentice Hall. Arthur, W. B.2009. The Nature of Technology. New York: Free Press. p.28. ISBN978-14165-4405-0. Burt, D. Starlin, S.2003: World Class Supply Management, Eighth Edition Cadle, J., Paul, D. and Turner, P.2010. Business Analysis Techniques, 72 Essential Tools for Success, BCS The Chartered Institute for IT. Feenberg, A. 2001. Transforming Technology. New York: Oxford University Press. Hollensen, S. 2007. Global Marketing. (4th Ed.) Prentice Hall. Johnson, G., Whittington, R. and Scholes, K. 2009, Exploring Corporate Strategy withMyStrategyLab,Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. 2010. Principles of Marketing. (13th Ed.). Pearson. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Brady, M., Goodman, M., and Hansen, T.2009. Marketing Management, Pearson Education. McDonald, M. and Wilson, H. (2011), Marketing Plans: How to Prepare Them, How to UseThem, 7th Edition, John Wiley Porter . E. 2010. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. Voiculet, A., Belu, N., Elena, P., Rizea, C. L. 2010. The impact of external environment on organizational development strategy. Constantin Brancoveanu University. MPRA Paper No.26303, Retrieved from: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26303/. Woolworth Annual Report, 2016 Woolworth Annual Report, 2016

Locavore Essay free essay sample

According to Jennifer Maiser, locally grown food â€Å"just tastes better†(A). She states this while trying to prove the point that being a locavore is not only healthy, but delicious as well. Maiser’s article is quite the opinionated piece, and having someone’s opinion forced down your throat is not everyone’s cup of tea. Maiser also claims that when food is traveling such a great distance to places such as Wal-Mart it is even more greatly affected by â€Å"bio-terrorism† (A) in which â€Å"food begins to lose nutrition as soon as it is harvested† (B). This can apparently be solved by going to the global supermarket and choosing wisely in order to obtain the proper needs for the body. (B) But, according to opinions in Document B, it will be extremely sub par and not quite up to the â€Å"taste of fresh food† standard. The Locavore movement has impacted the middle income families in several different ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Locavore Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They have become scavengers for â€Å"fresh, vine ripened foods grown on local farms†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (E) Believing that they are not only helping themselves, but helping their community and the environment as well. Unfortunately their selfless acts are not as helpful as they may seem. Throughout the past few years there has been an increase in small farms, 1. 2 million (E) to be exact. While local farmers and businesses are booming, others are declining. The world revolves around trade, it has since the earth became colonized. According to Source C, â€Å"it [also] hurts farmers in other parts of the world. † Many sub-Saharan farmers rely on trade with the U. K. (C) and will diminish if the locavore movement continues on. This selfish movement will cause other parts of the world to collapse. Helping out other countries from around the world for the â€Å"small airplane stickers† (C) seems like a fair trade, but the environmental impact still has yet to come into play. Source D lays out the chart for the impact on the environment when factoring in transportation. Everything the country supplies to us omits a fair amount of greenhouse gases, reaching beyond 2. 0 metric tons of CO2 (D). Greenhouse gases are one of the main causes of Global Warming which can cause much harm to the world and its ecosystems. Source F claims that a major problem some have today is the â€Å"increased reliance on foods shipped halfway around the world† and that is causes â€Å"promotion of profligate fuel and exploitation of cheap labor. † Shifting back to the locally grown foods, as suggested by the locavores, will cut prices of food, which in the end would result in a better community in the short run, but a world out of work due to the many people in undeveloped countries who need those low paying jobs to make a living for themselves and their families. We can promote sustainability without completely cutting off trade from the rest of the world. Locavores are just locals who are concerned about the environment. All they ask for is cheap, locally grown food that tastes delicious at the same time. The movement poses a positive change to the environment while lifting an unstable economy. They are not a â€Å"fringe foodie culture† (E) but a culture of caring people who want to see a change in their diet, and quite possibly the world.

Annotations in Reading, Research, and Linguistics

Annotations in Reading, Research, and Linguistics An annotation is a  note, comment, or  concise statement of the key ideas in a text or a portion of a text and is commonly used in reading instruction and in research. In corpus linguistics, an annotation is a coded note or comment that identifies specific linguistic features of a word or sentence. One of the most common uses of annotations is in essay composition, wherein a student might annotate a larger work he or she is referencing, pulling and compiling a list of quotes to form an argument. Long-form essays and term papers, as a result, often come with an annotated bibliography, which includes a list of references as well as brief summaries of the sources. There are many ways to annotate a given text, identifying key components of the material by underlining, writing in the margins, listing cause-effect relationships, and noting confusing ideas with question marks beside the statement in the text. Identifying Key Components of a Text When conducting research, the process of annotation is almost essential to retaining the knowledge necessary to understand a texts key points and features and can be achieved through a number of means. Jodi Patrick Holschuh  and Lori Price Aultman  describe a students goal for annotating text in Comprehension Development, wherein the students are responsible for pulling out not only the main points of the text but also the other key information (e.g., examples and details) that they will need to rehearse for exams. Holschuh and Aultman go on to describe the many ways a student may isolate key information from a given text, including writing brief summaries in the students own words, listing out characteristics and cause-and-effect relations in the text, putting key information in graphics and charts, marking possible test questions, and underlining keywords or phrases or putting a question mark next to confusing concepts. REAP: A Whole-Language Strategy According to  Eanet Manzos 1976 Read-Encode-Annotate-Ponder strategy for teaching students language and reading comprehension, annotation is a vital part of a students ability to understand any given text comprehensively. The process involves the following four steps: Read to discern the intent of the text or the writers message; Encode the message into a form of self-expression, or write it out in students own words; Analyze by writing this concept in a note; and Ponder or reflect on the note, either through introspection or discussing with peers. Anthony V. Manzo and Ula Casale Manzo describe the notion in Content Area Reading: A Heuristic Approach as among the earliest strategies developed to stress the use of writing as a means of improving thinking and reading, wherein these annotations serve as alternative perspectives from which to consider and evaluate information and ideas.

An empirical study of the differences in consumer behavior in an Dissertation

An empirical study of the differences in consumer behavior in an e-commerce environment compared to the traditional commerce - Dissertation Example One area of social concern that technology seem have gained much grounds today is business in general and marketing to be specific. When technology was ‘born’ at first, little did anyone think that it was going to grow beyond being used for office and secretarial purposes into becoming a tool for buying and selling: courtesy the internet! The internet has actually come to be an integrated invention that has coalesced the functions and activities of almost every major invention before it. To this effect, Leiner et al (2011) notes that â€Å"The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before. The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the stage for this unprecedented integration of capabilities.† Before the advent of the internet and even in its early days, general marketing trend of people was typically influenced by doing business with traditional stores. In those days, one came into contact with produ cts and services because one traveled some distance. Again, one bargained for prices of goods and services by meeting the manager in person. Today, all such bureaucracies have changed because of a new phenomenon of marketing known as electronic shopping, simply referred to as e-shopping. With e-shopping, people just have to click the button of a mouse in the comfort of wherever they are and they get a list of as many products as they want. Again, technology has made it possible that one does not have to walk to a particular shop to get things bought and payments made. All these are done via the internet. And of course, the ease with which e-shopping comes has greatly affected consumer behaviour. According to the University of Delaware (2006), â€Å"buying Behavior is the decision processes and acts of people involved in buying and using products.† This research work is therefore dedicated to giving an empirical study of the differences in consumer behavior in an e-commerce en vironment compared to the "traditional" commerce. Specifically, consumer behaviour among students of a selected university shall be examined to ascertain the effects that the online shopping has had on their consumer behavior. To this effect, students buying behaviour on electronics shall be critically examined in relation to electronic shopping. Research Aim The primary aim of this research work is to find out whether consumers buy differently online as compared with traditional way of doing business. Then if they do, the researcher will be concerned with finding out factors that influence their decisions. Specific Objectives In other to achieve the broader research aim set above, the researcher has developed the following specific objectives. It is the hope of the researcher that the achievement of these specific objectives would lead to the achievement of the wider researcher aim. The specific objectives are as follows: 1. To explain what consumer behaviour is 2. To find out the different types of consumer behaviour 3. To explain what electronic business is in general and what electronic shopping is to be specific 4. To distinguish between factors that influence consumer behaviour with traditional businesses and factors that influence consumer behaviour with electronic business. 5. To discuss the role of electronic business/shopping in ensuring business growth 6. To find out the positive influence of e-shopping on consumer behavior

Chemistry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chemistry - Assignment Example Question 1: En=-(13.6eV*z ²)/n ², because z=4 it can be written as En=-16*13.6eV / n ² ii) the dependence of quatum numbers n upon l is given by the following formula l=n-1 ÃŽ £2(2*l+1)=2* n ² iii) n=2 for beryllium, so l=1 and can not be 3 d) iii) energy emitted by photon: |Einf- E2|= 0+54.4eV=54.4 eV= 54.4*1.6*10^-19 [J]=8,7*10^-18 [J] 8,7*10^-18 [J] now we should express photon’s frequency from it’ energy: E=h*f => f=E/h f= 8,7*10^-18 [J]/6.63*10^-34 [J*s]=1.31*10^16 [1/s] 1.31*10^16 Hz is ultraviolet spectrum iv) the energy of the lowest energy photon which can be absorbed by beryllium ion is: E2-E1=-54.4eV+217.6=163.2 eV v) it could absorb a photon of a lower energy if its electron was on a higher energetic level i) E1=-16*13.6eV / 1=-217.6eV E2=-16*13.6eV / 4= -54.4eV E3=-16*13.6eV / 9 = -3.067eV Eoo=-16*13.6eV/inf = 0 Question 3 - because ΔH>0 (=29kJ) reaction is endothermic; - I2+Cl2 =2ICL (-29kJ) ΔH=2ΔHICL-ΔHCl2-ΔHI2; - equilibrium will not change as the number of molecules in the left part of the equation equals to the number of molecules in the right part of the equation: I2+Cl2 =2ICL 1+ 1=2 - because it’s endothermic reaction the increase of temperature will cause the shift of equilibrium to the right (forming of ICl); - the reaction will pass faster with the following rate lg (k^(T2/T1)) where k is the reaction rate coefficient; - the presence of catalyst will cause the reaction rate to increase, the equilibrium will cause the shift to the right (forming of ICl) as catalyst mainly reduces activation energy.

Lost civilization ( the fall of Rome ) Research Paper

Lost civilization ( the fall of Rome ) - Research Paper Example Its cultural influence spread across the whole of its empire to such an extent that most of the peoples came to adhere to it. The Roman state and empire was essentially built through military might and it relied heavily on the latter for its survival. Most of the high-ranking officers in the military often came from the aristocracy of Rome and these continued the tradition of joining and championing the military to such an extent that they became the dominant element within it. The military ability of the Roman state cannot be underestimated because it helped in the conquest of new lands for Rome and ensured that the state remained stable (Mitrovici 618). Furthermore, it was responsible for the construction of a road network spanning the entire empire that made communication and trade within it to flourish; essentially ensuring that the empire became a melting pot of all the peoples within it. The Roman Empire amassed great wealth through its control of the trade routes within it as well as those leading into Asia and the rest of Europe since it occupied a central position among these routes. In this way, it was able to finance its massive government, despite all the corruption that went on in its political arena. However, with its swift expansion, the empire also came to include many different peoples as its subjects as its cultural dominance spread to them and they submitted to Roman rule. These peoples brought great diversity into the Roman state and this was to such an extent that many of them came to attain high positions within its government as well as in its merchant class. The Roman Empire was the bringer of peace in all of the territories over which it ruled and this ensured that a lot of wealth flowed into the city without any form of interruptions to its trade ("The Fall of Rome"). The result was that the Roman ruling class in later centuries became relaxed an d instead of concentrating their efforts to retaining the military might of their

Types Of Peace Support Operations And Characteristics International Law Essay

Types Of Peace Support Operations And Characteristics International Law Essay Introduction The Norwegian Defence doctrine from 2007, Forsvarets Fellesoperative doktrine and the UN Prinsiples and Guidelines from 2008 (Capstone doctrine) devides peace support operations (PSO) into five various types; conflict prevention or preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peacekeeping, peace-enforcement and peace building. These are the most important tools UN and other international organisations have to reach their coal of international peace and security. Types of peace support operations and characteristics The distinction between these categories is often unclear. Conflict prevention or preventive diplomacy is measures with the aim to avoid intra-state or inter-state disputes and conflicts, prevent tension and conflicts from escalating into violent conflict and to limit the ongoing conflict from spreading. This should be based on an early warning, information gathering and also on analysis of the factors driving the conflict. Conflict prevention ranges from diplomatic initiatives, confidence-building measures to the preventive deployment of troops. Peacemaking includes the range of diplomatic actions aimed at establishing a peaceful settlement once conflict is in progress or has resumed. Good offices may be used to facilitate the resolution of the conflict. Peacemakers may also be envoys, governments, groups of states, regional organizations or the United Nations. Peacemaking efforts may also be under-taken by unofficial and non-governmental groups, or by a prominent personality working independently. Peacekeeping is a technique designed to preserve the peace where fighting has come to an end, and the parties involved have reached an agreement. The UN or other international organisations role will be to assist in implementing agreements achieved by the peacemakers. The primary military model was to observe cease-fires and to separate the forces after inter-state wars. Today peace keeping involves many elements like military, police and civilian organisations working together trying to make the foundations for sustainable peace. Peace building is generally seen as those activities designed to strengthen the durability of a stable peace by identifying and supporting structures that will prevent a peace settlement in to relapsing in to conflict. The peace settlement is agreed by the parties involved. Peacebuilding works by addressing the deep-rooted, structural causes of violent conflict in a comprehensive manner. Peacebuilding measures address core issues that effect the functioning of society and the State, and seek to enhance the capacity of the State to effectively and legitimately carry out its core functions. Peace enforcement is the only category in PSO defined under chapter VII of the UN Charter as using military means to restore peace in an area of conflict. The other categories are under chapter VI in the UN charter. Peace enforcement involves a range of measures, including the use of military force. The aim of these measures is to restore international peace and security in situations where there is a threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of aggression. These operations may be conducted by regional organizations and agencies under the authorisation of the UN. Factors decisive for the choice of operation It is necessary to look into the peace keeping history to fully understand the factors that are decisive for the choice of operations. The concept of peacekeeping has been an evolving one. Peacekeeping has not been mentioned in the UN Charter. In other words, there is no specific provision for peacekeeping in the United Nations Charter. It is normally described as falling between Chapter VI and VII. Dag Hammarskjà ¶ld referred to peacekeeping operations as Chapter 6 ½ initiatives. Early peacekeeping in the 1950s focused on preventing open violence and monitoring ceasefire and status quo and demilitarization and policing. One of them being United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF 1) deployed to the Suez crisis after the British and French troops invaded Egypt. This was what constituted traditional or classical peacekeeping, and where the three basic principles of peacekeeping where formed, namely, consent, impartiality and self-defence. After the end of the Cold War, new forms of peacekeeping came into operation in response to significant changes and challenges on the ground. The concept of peacekeeping expanded into new terminology in the peace process, and peace support operations were used to describe the new concept. In the 1990`s peacekeeping went beyond traditional peacekeeping and in to what is often called second generation peace keeping. The new conflicts where characterized by the collapse of states, and the conflict became intra-states. The PSO missions in this period where demobilization of troops like armed para-militias and irregulars; promotion of national reconciliation, restoration of effective governments, the organization and monitoring of elections, provisions of a broader support to humanitarian aid missions including protection of safe areas and escort of relief convoys. From the mid 1990`s the peacekeeping missions became multifunctional. These missions where executed after violent intrastate conflicts and consisted of both military and civilian assets in support of implementing the peace agreement. From late 1990 the missions are said to be multi dimensional, which means that they cover tasks and responsibilities beyond those associated with traditional peacekeeping such as protection of civilian. The UN has increasingly focused on the need to involve regional organizations. As stated above, peace keeping operations is not mentioned in the UN charter. This, together with the veracity of missions and mandates from traditional peace keeping in the 1950`s to todays complex multi dimensional operations makes peacekeeping ad-hoc, and it must be seen as a flexible technique where the purpose and mode of operating is depending on the conflict and the nature of the conflict. Today UN missions are in reality a mixture of many of the various types of peace support operations. But some principles distinguish them from each other. First of all, peace enforcement (PE) is the only type of PSO categorized under chapter VII in the UN charter and this give the mandate to using military means to restore peace in an area of conflict. This can be given in a conflict where it is necessary to create peace. An example is Desert Storm where the UN gave the mandate to a US led coalition. Conflict prevention, peacemaking, peacekeeping and peace building is under chapter VI. Conflict prevention is used to prevent conflicts to escalating and factors decisive for this operation is that the parties involved are interesting in trying to archive a peaceful settlement. Peacekeeping is the technique used if there is a peace to preserve and the involving parties give their consent to having a observation force to monitor the cease-fire. Peacemaking can be used where the state has colapsed and there are several fractions trying to achive power. This peace makers tasks would then be to identify the players and try to make a peaceful solution. This could be achived by diplomatic solutions only or togheter with military assets to assist in law and order and to put pressure to the involving parties. If peacemaking has succeeded peace building could be used as a tool to rebuild or build the state. Conclusion This essay had the aim to describe the various types of peace support operations and try to give a brief information of the factors decisive for the choice of mode of operation. The conclusion is that todays UN missions are in reality a mixture of many various types of peace support operations and which tool to use or mode of operation is depending on the nature of the conflict that the international organisations are trying to support.

John Stuart Mills Essay -- Essays Papers

John Stuart Mills John Stuart Mill was one of the most well regarded and widely renowned philosophers and economists in history. He was considered a philosophical genius by the age of 20, and was mainly taught only by his father. His father believed that he should be educated and be taught many different languages and philosophies to become a well-rounded individual. When he had to end his studies early in life because of a mental breakdown at the age of 20, he soon recovered and was something different than when he first studied. Not long after he recovered he showed how different he was than his father and began writing in the Westminster review. He has widely been known for his views on liberalism that he showed in On Liberty. Mill believed that the individual was essentially sovereign over his own mind and body, a belief known as individual autonomy. The only thing individuals could do justifiably to violate other individuals' autonomies was in pursuit of self-protection, where the other individuals had broken into theirs first. Millsian philosophy was completely against negative liberty, or the absence of restraint, chaos. However, on the other end of the spectrum, Mill also opposed the tyranny the majority could impose on any minority, particularly the individual, by way of legislative control. Mill strongly believed in the practice and respect of law, and that minorities of any sort should be protected and only suppressed if the greatest good for...

How does culture and environment affect institutions and their management

How does culture and environment affect institutions and their management? Define the Problem: What went wrong during Ms. Myers tenure from your point of view? Ms. Myers was a smart individual that got caught up in the hype of a new and promising job. Like many people these days the sound of an executive position is tempting and wanted by many, however most do not have the skills or the knowledge needed to survive and be a part of that new environment. It is great to want to invent the wheel again, but it's not great to step on toes while trying be Inventive. Ms. Myers started out good but failed in what her objective was.When Linda Myers accepted a human resources position at SK Telecom in South Korea, she thought it was the opportunity she'd long been working toward. Not only would she break ground as one of the first American female executives at a Korean company, she would also lead an initiative to make the organization more global. For someone who'd spent years consulting on ex patriate transitions, this seemed like a dream job. † Green 2011. If she had made a few changes, her objective would have been achieved, making a stand for women around the world and getting a foot hold for Asian women In Korea.Analyze the Cause: Explain the problem Ms. Myers Is encountering using Hofstede's five dimensions of culture to compare Korean and American assumptions about interpersonal relationships and management. 1. Power/Distance (PD) – This refers to the degree of inequality that exists – and is accepted – among people with and without power. On the ground in Seoul, Myers quickly realized Just how far she was from her native Baltimore. One early shock was the homogeneity of not only her offce but also the city: Government estimates indicate that foreigners account for 2. % of the population. That's compared with Just over 18% for Singapore and 27% for New York and London, according to the Migration Policy Institute. (Green) Because Mrs. Myer s was used to being in the states and was not acclimated to the Asian environment, she felt that she was far from comfort. Also, early on, she asked employees to dispense with calling her â€Å"Sang Mu Linda,† her title at the company, and to use Linda, the norm In a u. s. company, to create a less formal environment. â€Å"But by removing the label, I plummeted in their eyes,† she recalls.What she regarded as a â€Å"participative leadership style† looked wishy-washy to the people at SK. (Green) Power an be seen as a position that you have gained by promotion. Because she was already in a position of management, she had the power over many people. How she used that power was her downfall. In the Korean environment she was the â€Å"Sang Mu† which was a management position. Once she tried to associate with the workers as equals sne Tell Trom tnat role In tne eyes 0T tne workers. 2. Individualism (IDV) – The degree to which individuals are integrate d into groups†.In individualistic societies, the stress is put on personal achievements and individual rights. People are expected to stand up for themselves and their immediate family, nd to choose their own affiliations. In contrast, in collectivist societies, individuals act predominantly as members of a lifelong and cohesive group or organization. People have large extended families, which are used as a protection in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. 3. Masculinity (MAS) – This refers to how much a society sticks with, and values, traditional male and female roles. Myers was constantly aware of being female.Aside from secretaries, she was almost always the only woman in the room. She was also unprepared for the company's rigid hierarchy. But as Myers saw it, â€Å"there were asically four levels: VP, director, manager, and worker bee. You only talked to people at your level. † (Green) Not all societies have equalized the field of female and male relationshi ps. In the Asian cultures the roles of male being dominate and Females are the lesser of human social role. 4. Uncertainty/Avoidance Index (IJAI) – This relates to the degree of anxiety society members feel when in uncertain or unknown situations.Her lack of Korean turned out to be a vexing problem. She recalls having to ask for an interpreter at her first meetings at SK. And even with an assistant and colleagues who spoke English, she ound it difficult to get the information she needed. â€Å"Asking questions was the only way I knew to learn,† she explains. â€Å"But it was not always productive. † As she saw it, even diplomatic inquiries could be construed as confrontational and critical. (Green) When the Higher CEOs and upper management felt that they were being stepped on by her way management they started to ostersize her and shield her from information 5.Long Term Orientation (L TO) ) – This refers to how much society values long- standing – as opposed to short term – traditions and values. Propose a Solution: Five key issues . Creating a climate for change In terms of creating a climate for change, culture is only effective if it is applied to the relevant area needing change or is tied to some organizational issue. 2. Employee engagement and empowerment Employee engagement and empowerment is crucial to ensure that the culture is effectively managed and aligned with the cultural assumptions of the organization as a wnole. 3.Team orientation Team work is a common feature in most organizations, in terms of crossing existing barriers and as a useful means of promoting and disseminating new cultural traits. In terms of individual and organizational development, teams are seen as a way of investing in talent development. 4. Tracking cultural change Tracking cultural change is important in terms of assessing whether the culture has become misaligned in terms of subgroup cultures' practices, or whether there are issues or challenges to be addressed which could undermine the cultural ethos and underlying assumptions of the organization. . Training, rewards and recognition Training in terms of culture awareness is viewed differently in various organizations. Culture is an aspect of general management training in some organizations. In other rganizations, it is deemed appropriate to learn from leaders and managers about the prevalent cultural norms and assumptions. Rewards and recognition is given when individuals or teams step outside the box and rise above the norm. It is an acknowledgment that there has been a significant change and/or a new operating standard has been started.From reviewing Green's fictional case study, (Green, 2011), the author acknowledges some good points for consideration when one has to determine how much a culture and environment will affect institutions and their management. In this review, Green explores the challenges faced by Ms. Linda Myers when she accepted a Job as a VP in a Seoul, South Korea with SK Telecom. Ms. Myers had what seemed to be all of the right credentials on paper that would make her the ideal candidate for a foreign assignment, except one, she was female.Although she had realized that later, being a female would be overbearing for her and she was not able to hang-on to the position due to many cultural factors, discussed earlier. (Green, 2011). When analyzing this case in depth and reviewing the entire tenure of Ms. Myers time with SK Telecom in Seoul, important issues surfaced, which caused this Job scenario to go erribly wrong for Ms. Myers. Concluding remarks This understanding in relation to effectively managing culture in public sector organizations and also to provide lessons from initiatives implemented to date in both the public and private sectors.The importance of managing and manipulating culture in public sector organizations cannot be misjudged in terms of its impact on the innovation outline. Developing appropriat e measures to address cultural issues in organizations in terms of increasing structural capability and performance is an important issue that should be addressed unilaterally. While the implications of such pproaches are wide-ranging, fundamentally the key to effective culture management Is leaaersnlp.Leaaersnlp must De commlttea to managing culture In terms of developing and sustaining organizational performance, while managers throughout the organization are responsible for its effective development. There is much that remains to be done to address the gap between the influence of cultural issues and the approaches adopted by managers, approaches which are elementary in many public sector organizations. The organizations provide useful examples of how organizations can effectively manage organization culture as an integral part of oth corporate strategies and organizational change measures to enhance performance and innovation.This case study contributes to the awareness and unde rstanding of culture management in public sector organizations. One of the first clues that things were going wrong in South Korea was that Ms. Myers should have realized occurred long before her accepting the Job in South Korea and she choose to ignore it. That clue being the preliminary assumption by the agency sent to recruit a VP that she was male, not female, as mentioned earlier. The second red flag that should have been raised by Ms.https://www.coursehero.com/file/16308917/MGT-501-CA1docx/http://www.freedownloadmanager.org/download.htmhttps://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_66.htmhttps://ru.scribd.com/doc/19082366/Historical-Background-of-Environmental-Educationhttp://www.nacada.ksu.edu/Resources/Clearinghouse/View-Articles/Values-and-culture-in-ethical-decision-making.aspx How does Culture and Environment Affect Institutions and Their Management? Define the Problem: What went wrong during Ms. Myers tenure from your point of view? Ms. Myers was a smart individual that got caught up in the hype of a new and promising job. Like many people these days the sound of an executive position is tempting and wanted by many, however most do not have the skills or the knowledge needed to survive and be a part of that new environment. It is great to want to invent the wheel again, but it’s not great to step on toes while trying be inventive.Ms. Myers started out good but failed in what her objective was. â€Å"When Linda Myers accepted a human resources position at SK Telecom in South Korea, she thought it was the opportunity she'd long been working toward. Not only would she break ground as one of the first American female executives at a Korean company, she would also lead an initiative to make the organization more global. For someone who'd spent years consulting on expatriate transitions, this seemed like a dream job.† Gr een 2011. If she had made a few changes, her objective would have been achieved, making a stand for women around the world and getting a foot hold for Asian women in Korea.Analyze the Cause: Explain the problem Ms. Myers is encountering using Hofstede's five dimensions of culture to compare Korean and American assumptions about interpersonal relationships and management.1. Power/Distance (PD) – This refers to the degree of inequality that exists – and is accepted – among people with and without power. On the ground in Seoul, Myers quickly realized just how far she was from her native Baltimore. One early shock was the homogeneity of not only her office but also the city: Government estimates indicate that foreigners account for 2.4% of the population.That’s compared with just over 18% for Singapore and 27% for New York and London, according to the Migration Policy Institute. (Green) Because Mrs. Myers was used to being in the states and was not acclimated to the Asian environment, she felt that she was far from comfort. Also, early on, she asked employees to dispense with calling her â€Å"Sang Mu Linda,† her title at  the company, and to use Linda, the norm in a U.S. company, to create a less formal environment.â€Å"But by removing the label, I plummeted in their eyes,† she recalls. What she regarded as a â€Å"participative leadership style† looked wishy-washy to the people at SK. (Green) Power can be seen as a position that you have gained by promotion. Because she was already in a position of management, she had the power over many people. How she used that power was her downfall. In the Korean environment she was the â€Å"Sang Mu† which was a management position. Once she tried to associate with the workers as equals she fell from that role in the eyes of the workers.2. Individualism (IDV) – The degree to which individuals are integrated into groups†. In individualistic societies, th e stress is put on personal achievements and individual rights. People are expected to stand up for themselves and their immediate family, and to choose their own affiliations. In contrast, in collectivist societies, individuals act predominantly as members of a lifelong and cohesive group or organization. People have large extended families, which are used as a protection in exchange for unquestioning loyalty.3. Masculinity (MAS) – This refers to how much a society sticks with, and values, traditional male and female roles. Myers was constantly aware of being female. Aside from secretaries, she was almost always the only woman in the room. She was also unprepared for the company’s rigid hierarchy. But as Myers saw it, â€Å"there were basically four levels: VP, director, manager, and worker bee. You only talked to people at your level.† (Green) Not all societies have equalized the field of female and male relationships. In the Asian cultures the roles of male b eing dominate and Females are the lesser of human social role.4. Uncertainty/Avoidance Index (UAI) – This relates to the degree of anxiety society members feel when in uncertain or unknown situations. Her lack of Korean turned out to be a vexing problem. She recalls having to ask for an interpreter at her first meetings at SK. And even with an assistant and colleagues who spoke English, she found it difficult to get the information she needed. â€Å"Asking questions was the only way I knew to learn,† she  explains. â€Å"But it was not always productive.† As she saw it, even diplomatic inquiries could be construed as confrontational and critical. (Green) When the Higher CEOs and upper management felt that they were being stepped on by her way management they started to ostersize her and shield her from information5. Long Term Orientation (LTO) ) – This refers to how much society values long-standing – as opposed to short term – traditions and values.Propose a Solution: Five key issues 1. Creating a climate for change In terms of creating a climate for change, culture is only effective if it is applied to the relevant area needing change or is tied to some organizational issue.2. Employee engagement and empowerment Employee engagement and empowerment is crucial to ensure that the culture is effectively managed and aligned with the cultural assumptions of the organization as a whole.3. Team orientation Team work is a common feature in most organizations, in terms of crossing existing barriers and as a useful means of promoting and disseminating new cultural traits. In terms of individual and organizational development, teams are seen as a way of investing in talent development.4. Tracking cultural change Tracking cultural change is important in terms of assessing whether the culture has become misaligned in terms of subgroup cultures’ practices, or whether there are issues or challenges to be addressed which cou ld undermine the cultural ethos and underlying assumptions of the organization.5. Training, rewards and recognition Training in terms of culture awareness is viewed differently in various organizations. Culture is an aspect of general management training in some organizations. In other organizations, it is deemed appropriate to learn from leaders and managers about the prevalent cultural norms and assumptions. Rewards and recognition is given when individuals or teams step outside the box and rise above the norm. It is an acknowledgment that there has been a significant change and/or a new operating standard has been started.From reviewing Green’s fictional case study, (Green, 2011), the author acknowledges some good points for consideration when one has to determine how much a culture and environment will affect institutions and their management. In this review, Green explores the challenges faced by Ms. Linda Myers when she accepted a job as a VP in a Seoul, South Korea wit h SK Telecom.Ms. Myers had what seemed to be all of the right credentials on paper that would make her the ideal candidate for a foreign assignment, except one, she was female. Although she had realized that later, being a female would be overbearing for her and she was not able to hang-on to the position due to many cultural factors, discussed earlier. (Green, 2011). When analyzing this case in depth and reviewing the entire tenure of Ms. Myers time with SK Telecom in Seoul, important issues surfaced, which caused this job scenario to go terribly wrong for Ms. Myers.Concluding remarks This understanding in relation to effectively managing culture in public sector organizations and also to provide lessons from initiatives implemented to date in both the public and private sectors. The importance of managing and manipulating culture in public sector organizations cannot be misjudged in terms of its impact on the innovation outline. Developing appropriate measures to address cultural issues in organizations in terms of increasing structural capability and performance is an important issue that should be addressed unilaterally. While the implications of such approaches are wide-ranging, fundamentally the key to effective culture management is leadership.Leadership must be committed to managing culture in terms of developing and sustaining organizational performance, while managers throughout the organization are responsible for its effective development. There is much that remains to be done to address the gap between the influence of cultural issues and the approaches adopted by managers, approaches which are elementary in many public sector organizations. The organizations provide useful examples of how organizations can effectively manage organization culture as an integral part of both corporate strategies and organizational change measures to enhance performance and innovation. This case study contributes to the awareness and understanding of culture managem ent in public sector organizations.One of the first clues that things were going wrong in South Korea was that Ms. Myers should have realized occurred long before her accepting the job in South Korea and she choose to ignore it. That clue being the preliminary assumption by the agency sent to recruit a VP that she was male, not female, as mentioned earlier. The second red flag that should have been raised by Ms. Myers occurred when she contacted the Society of Human Resources and asked them to put her into contact with a female executive who had worked in South Korea to help her prepare for her assignment. The basis of ethical or moral decision-making involves choice and balance; it is a guide to discard bad choices in favor of good ones.

SWOT Analysis Airbnb Essay Example

SWOT Analysis Airbnb Essay Example SWOT Analysis Airbnb Paper SWOT Analysis Airbnb Paper Services provided to visitors include rating, review of previous guests and other users recommendation and so on. So far, Air has experienced enormous success with over 1 million hosts and travelers, over 10 million nights booked. Strengths Technology Skills: Airbag has at its disposal some of the worlds best software engineers. The company is headquartered in San Francisco, California, near the so-called Silicon Valley. Leading Brand: Airbag is the companys only brand image, which works in the company s favor. Airbag operates in a niche between conventional accommodation and more allowable options like Surcharging. Distribution channels: Airbag utilizes both HTML websites and mobile APS. The company has acquired smaller travel companies and entered readerships with cleaning companies. Customer loyalty/relationship: Airbag is partnered with Concur, who are an expense reporting service for businesses. The Airbag website includes many blobs aimed at both lodgers and property owners Production quality: The mobile APS have high ratings on their respective app stores. Customers generally enjoy the way of traveling encouraged by the service Scale: Airbag used venture capital to purchase College, a German clone of their website, officially marking their international expansion. Management: Co-founders Brian Checks and Joe Gabbier both radiated Rhode Island School of Design and their efforts drive both website and product design, but also the companys growth. Weaknesses Weak brand: The idea can easily be copied Companies tend to focus locally instead of internationally Ex:- Wind. Mom Low customer retention Airbag acts as mediator between the host and the customer Bad experiences of customer leads to customer dissatisfaction. Might not use Airbag again. Demand for more customer service: Exponential increase of users of Airbag each year Customer service is inadequate to meet with customers demands Bad encounters result in bad reviews/several complaints Ex:- Host had to go through a strenuous process to get a refund. Increase of rental/housing prices Renting flats or houses is an increasing trend Airbag provides more money making purport nineties More likely to keep flat empty than give it to anyone. Housing problem generated in the long term. Opportunities Current Situation: Opened 11 new offices in 2012 Concentrated in Europe, then the Americas and few in South/East/South East Asia Expansion in different markets: Reach out to the undeveloped business areas Ex:- Unpopular tourist destinations Introduce online service to house owners Integrate Airbags Platform with other outlets: Create partnership with other services Ex:- Airline agencies, travel guides etc. Same lender minimizes the inconvenience and increase usage Seasonal and periodical promotion: Reward-giving events (ex:- Goad) Sales Increase attractiveness and boost sales Increase in Physical Offices: More local teams Better comma inactions Attract more potential consumers Educate the new users and retain previous customers Threats o Similar Competitors: Some competitors like flats. Com, wind. Com. Budget Hotels: budget hotels have low prices that take the market share of Air o unpleasant Host Experience: The have been some law suits about he lodgers have parties in hoses room. Reference: http://Nippon. Mom/2014/03/1 7/airbag fib-renter-claims-he-returned-home -to-an-orgy/

ISDN VS. Modem essays

ISDN VS. Modem essays Computers store all information as binary numbers. The binary number system uses two binary digits, 0 and 1, which are called bits. The amount of data that a computer network can transfer in a certain amount of time is called the bandwidth of the network and is measured in kilobits per second (kbps) or megabits per second (mbps). A kilobit is 1 thousand bits; a megabit is 1 million bits. A dial-up telephone modem can transfer data at rates up to 56 kbps; DSL and cable modem connections are much faster and can transfer at several mbps. The Internet connections used by businesses often operate at 155 mbps, and connections between routers in the heart of the Internet may operate at rates from 2,488 to 9,953 mbps (9.953 gigabits per second) The terms wideband or broadband are used to characterize networks with high capacity and to distinguish them from narrowband networks, which have low capacity. The Internet is a network of networks that interconnects computers around the world, suppor ting both business and residential users. The higher bandwidth needs of this application have highlighted the limited internet access speeds available to residential users. The accelerated growth of content rich applications and online gaming, which demand high bandwidth, has changed the nature of information networks. High-speed communication is now an ordinary requirement throughout business, government, academic, and home office environments. Internet access, telecommuting, and remote LAN access are three of the clearly defined services that network access providers are offering now. These rapidly growing applications are placing a new level of demand on the telephone infrastructure. In particular, the local loop portion of the network has become a challenge for telephone companies. Historically, this local loop facility has been provisioned with copper cabling which cannot easily support high bandwidth transmission. This environment is now being stre...

Pro-Slavery Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pro-Slavery Speech - Essay Example My next point deals with the issue of love. I concur that love is the most important human law and I believe that it is love that is responsible for slavery in the first place, otherwise I fail to understand how a person can feed, clothe and house a person without loving them. Historical accounts of past slave owners in 18-19th century US highlights how slaves were housed in suitable sleeping conditions, were guaranteed three meals a day and were provided with adequate health care in the event that they became sick. This was a far cry from the free-men in Britain during the industrial revolution, whose conditions were atrocious, coupled with the lack of adequate meals and deplorable working and living conditions. Slaves were as matter of fact better off than free men. The only other religion that Americans value is the American dream. One is only needed to visit a mall to see how we value consumerism and our way of life. We have even commercialized Christmas to the extent that children view the holiday in terms of presence rather than as a celebration of the birth of Christ. What many fail to understand, is that their ability to enjoy theses privileges was through slavery. It was only through slavery that American plantation owners were able to reap profits from their farms and it is only through slavery that Americans enjoy purchasing cheap clothes made in Asia. Knowingly or unknowingly we all support slavery. I would like to finish my argument by posing the question, aren’t we all slaves in a way?

Strategic growth plan for Simply Coffee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Strategic growth plan for Simply Coffee - Essay Example There are several components which factor into a strategic growth plan, all which provide different alternatives for continuous growth and development of a business. Within this are several special alternatives that are associated with small businesses, specifically because the growth incorporates not only changes within the external environment, but are also inclusive of ways in which the internal environment needs to change. Incorporating specific alterations can provide further development within an organization while promoting healthy growth within a company. 2.0 Strategic Growth Plan 2.1 Executive Summary The small business which will be evaluated for a strategic growth plan is â€Å"Simply Coffee.† The focus of this particular business is to provide coffee machines to other businesses that are interested in extra compensation with the on the go concept. The machine is placed into a specific business with available coffee which the individuals can pay for while they are g oing through for other needs. The coffee machines are combined with special coffee beans that are provided regularly to clients for a specific taste, including beans of espresso, latte, cappuccino or regular black coffee. The company has provided a commitment to sustainable economics, specifically with a guarantee that rainforest won’t be harmed and that the farmers that provide the coffee receive fair compensation. Each of these products are also inclusive of on – site training to connect the machine and make sure that all of the components are ready for servicing so individuals can get their own coffee while moving through a line or while on the go. Retailers are also provided with marketing materials, including graphics, floor graphics, wobblers, interior and exterior graphics and external banners (Simply Coffee, 2011). The main concept of Simply Coffee began several years ago because of the noticed trend of individuals who needed items faster. The main ideology was to create a coffee machine which could provide a variety of coffees quickly and without waiting for the specialized mixes which are often included in coffee houses. The main ideal began with noticing that coffee and tea are one of the fastest growing sectors in the coffee industry and is inclusive of 22% of sales and growth each year and a profit of 120 million per year. The industry is combined with the ideology of on the go becoming even more popular, specifically which the majority of the population is interested in because of the need to move quickly while getting the daily enjoyment of tea or coffee. The machine is designed to not only offer quick coffee but also adds into retail value without taking up retail space. It is through the noticed trends in the market and changes which are associated with this that has built the main demand of the business (Simply Coffee, 2011). 2.2 Vision and Mission The vision of the Simply Coffee will be based on growth for the coffee machines a s well as popularity that will be provided to those who are interested in the coffee. The vision will include retailers implementing the machines in the stores with continuous demand for the coffee beans. The vision will also be inclusive of consumers recognizing the coffee as high quality, specifically in relation to coffee from home or from cafes. The mission will be based on growth of the demand of the coffee machines and finding the perfect cup for consumers while they are on the go. 2.3 Critical Success Factors The main concept which will need to be used with Simply Coffee is one which is based on changing the success of the company by altering the growth of the company. For the company to succeed, a stronger plan needs to be implemented with marketing. This will need to be based on recognizing the

No More Wars by Woodrow Wilson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

No More Wars by Woodrow Wilson - Essay Example Woodrow Wilsons succeded in convincing Europeans through his speech and fourteen points. As a result Germany stopped the war and surrendered within the next 10 months (Snell, 1954). In an interview conducted during the Paris Peace Conference held in 1919, Woodrow Wilson and Sir William Wiseman explained how Germany agreed to stop the war as a result of the famous speech and fourteen points. The speech highlighted the importance of democracy in bringing the losting peace in the Europe . Woodrow Wilson wanted to present United States as a role model before the rest of the world and it was this intention which made him present these fourteen points. He was of the opinion that the United State should not involve in war. He was a democratic person who had true feelings not only for the people of the United States but also for the whole world, who wanted peace in the world. He thought of the entire world that’s why he was a trustworthy person. People had belief and confidence in him and that is why the Fourteen Points given by him were admired by the people. He used this credibility and made an emotional appeal to the people by giving the Fourteen Points which were welcomed by the people. The logic which was used in his points was very clear about the peace and those were having a strong internal consistency, and the benefits of his points were very clear that if they follow his points, there will be no war in future. The speech was having emotions because at that time the people were fed up of war and they wanted peace and prosperity and the speech was based on the peace. The speech was accepted by the Germans and then by the Britian. The base of the speech was the world wide problem rather than based on just self interest. The address which is based on the Fourteen Points given by Wilson was a great help in betterment of his nation.

Building a Website Essay Example for Free

Building a Website Essay The information on the internet cannot be retrieved without the use of interface domains called websites. These are the main access portals where a person may be able to acquire information online. There are several basic steps in building a website. Such process will enable a user or an institution to acquire a definite space in cyberspace. According to BuildWebsite4U, there are at least three basic steps in establishing a website. The first of which is the formulation of ideas which will eventually put contents to a web domain. There are no general rules as to what contents are to be used. However, having a good and catchy interface for the visitors will always count to make a website efficient. Upon the identification of the website content, the optimization of the key parts of the website follows. The key phrases and words of a website influence all the mechanisms in leading visitors to the site. These search engine optimization qualities serve as doorways in which people will be able to access the web portal. The next phase in building a website is the establishment of its technical aspects. First, the web design should be constructed in a way that can achieve full exposure to internet surfers. The templates and how the contents are arranged in a page are of utmost importance. Next, a good and well developed HTML codes should be used. These website builder languages serve as the primary tool in executing the template plan of the web design. In case the owner wants to enhance the visual appeal of the website, additional web graphics features can be integrated to the web design using HTML codes. The last segment in constructing a website involves the activation of the address to become a part of a very wide world of cyberspace. This process will start by selecting domain names. Apparently, it is the most important aspect in the entire process of creating a website. A domain name will serve as the address of the website on the internet. A web developer can get these domains by registering to any of the reliable web hosts which can accommodate the files of the web portal. Works Cited BuildWebsite4U. 2002. How to Build a Website. November 14, 2007 http://www.buildwebsite4u.com/building/build-website.shtml.

Eleven Minutes Written By Paul Coelho Summary English Literature Essay

Eleven Minutes Written By Paul Coelho Summary English Literature Essay Once upon a time there was a prostitute called Maria. The novel Eleven Minutes is about a young adult named Maria who finds herself through travelling around Europe in order to achieve her dreams to become famous. Although this was not what she achieved she found love even after she was certain she will never find true love. Maria experiences what she thinks love is at a very young age. From the age eleven she fell in love with her neighbour and hated him when he didnt love her back, she then had many boyfriends and experienced the depths of relationships until she decided she didnt need a boy and promised to never fall in love again. At the age nineteen she decided she wanted to pursue her dream and persuaded her boss for a week holiday. After travelling to Rio de Janeiro she met a Swiss man who offers her work as a Samba dancer in a nightclub in Geneva. Realising dancing was not her passion, she quit the job and searched for work as a model but found herself being offered money for one night with an Arab man. This night led her to the brothel, Copacabana in Rue de Berne where she began work as a prostitute as she enjoyed the easy money and the way she got it. Here she worked many nights but only befriended one colleague, Nyah, as many other women saw her as a threat to their profession. The dehumanizing profession caused her to shut out her body and mind to any connection with love and her life now revolved around something that took eleven minutes which was the time Maria found that was actually spent having sex. As Maria only worked at night, she spent her days at the library, befriending the librarian and taking out books on many different subjects such as how to learn French, books about sex and farm management. She also explored the city which led her to the Road to Santiago where she meets a Swiss painter, Ralf Hart. Hart as a painter, loved her light that she gave off and asked if he could draw a portrait of her. This encounter caused Marias body and soul to become reintegrated because of the love and passion she shared with him although they first argue and he disrespects her profession. One particular client however, enabled her to experience pain yet reach a sense of pleasure from sex known as sadomasochism. This brought her to realise that pain and pleasure can relate. Although she experienced this, she didnt tell Ralf Hart and one day he introduced her to a different sense of pain that helped her to travel beyond any other pleasures. After several meetings with Ralf Hart, often at his house they shared something she didnt share with any other clients. She fell hopelessly in love with him as he brought her to rekindle her soul as it was only destroyed from her profession. Maria then felt she needed to leave Rue de Berne because of her feelings and travel home to her family regardless of the fact that if she worked for just six months longer, she could have given her family everything they desire. She then buys a ticket to Brazil, disappointed that she hadnt filled her suitcases with souvenirs as she has wished. Before travelling back home she wanders around the ci ty grasping the concepts, saying goodbye to those she had grown close to. During this time, the reader begins to learn about the librarian as Maria listens to what she has to say after she has read many books about sex after ordering them for the library. The librarian explains her life to Maria and although Maria does not know what to say, she simply listens and allows the librarian to express herself. However, Maria does ask if she had ever had an affair and although she did, she never told this to Maria. In the evening saw Ralf for the last time, or at least what she thought would be the last time as the love they experienced with each other brings them closer than past relationships. Ralf Hart becomes the hopeless romantic and meets Maria in the airport and the words The End appear on the cinema screen. Narrative Style This novel is written in third person singular with an omniscient style but however shifts to first person singular when Maria writes in her diary; She grew prettier and prettier, and her sad, mysterious ways brought her many suitors. and Everything tells me that I am about to make a wrong decision, but making mistakes is just a part of life. What does the world want of me? This therefore indicates that there is an epistdary style to the novel as Marias thoughts are shared through diary entries. The pronouns he and she are frequently used and characters are continuously addressed by their names. The novel is also written with an intrusive style; But if, one day, someone should decide to tell her story, she would ask them to begin it with just as all the fairy tales begin: Once upon a time. Character Analysis Maria: is an independent, selfless young lady who dreams of success which she will go out of her way to achieve. This is shown through her determination and even during her self-destroying profession she longs to achieve her dream she had since she was a little girl even though this is achieved through an adventure which causes her to change from being the innocent young girl she was. Maria is caring woman, this characteristic is portrayed through her nights with many clients as she not only gives them sexual pleasure but she also relieves them of their problems by discussing their life problems and situations. She is also a friendly lady as although Ralf Hart first offends her profession she still continues to talk and resolve the tension which then leads to a friendship and then a relationship. Her friendliness is also shown through her relationship between the librarian and her work colleagues although they see her as a threat. Maria is also devoting as she spends the money she pe rsonally earned on her family in order for her family to succeed in life by buying a farm for her family. Language Diction Eleven Minutes is a descriptive novel that uses informal language often including language commonly used amongst many people. There are many conversations in the novel between the characters, especially dialect between Maria and her sexual clients as well as between herself and Ralf Hart and Maria and the librarian. Techniques of creative writing are used such as personification; Geneva would just be the face of a man she loved and whom had loved her. There are also quite a few rhetorical questions which emphasize the situation and allow the reader to become involved with the situation in the novel. Several long sentences are used to describe feelings or objects; She was beginning to realise that after long months of self-control, the pressure, the earthquake, the volcano of her soul was showing signs that it was about to erupt, and the moment that this happened, she would have no way of controlling her feelings. Short sentences are also used to make an impact and emphasize the meani ng, for instance; She was terrified. Imagery The imagery is evident throughout the novel because all stimuli are aroused. Tactile imagery is evident when Maria sleeps with many different men because of her profession. The novel is very descriptive when Maria and Ralf Hart discuss their sexual relationships and when he seeks her as a customer; Maria felt Ralfs hand on her waist, his cheek pressed to hers and the music Thank God was too loud for them to talk. This description of Ralf and Marias encounter therefore links to auditory imagery as one can imagine the sound of the music around them. There is a sense of smell when Ralf caresses Marias face with his fingers; she can smell just a hint of ink on them, a smell that will stay there forever, even if he washes his handsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Visual imagery is foreseen throughout the novel when Maria enters the church before leaving back to Brazil. The novel explains traditions of a church; splendid stained-glass windows and empty cross; she was confronted not by an instrument of to rture, by the bloodied body of a dying man, but by a symbol of resurrectionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Taste imagery is evident when Maria has experience with a variety of foods, in Brazil she can only afford sandwiches and occasionally restaurants however, in Switzerland she eats more extravagantly and dines at more expensive restaurants after she is employed at The Copacabana. Themes The theme of discovery, pain and loneliness is evident throughout the novel as Maria had to experience pain throughout her life in order to discover her true self. Loneliness is shown through the novel as Maria was lonely and her soul and mind was lost in order for her to continue with her difficult career choice. Discovery also relates to this as she discovered herself from having made love with Ralf Hart and she began to feel much happier and realise that she had found love and that her soul was rejuvenated. The theme of sexual relations is represented deeply throughout the novel as Maria is a prostitute and has many sexual relationships throughout the novel because of this. Sex in the novel is a very dominant theme especially when Ralf Hart helps Maria to discover that sex is sacred and goes beyond ones soul. This theme may link to love and romance as Maria falls in love with Ralf Hart and they begin a relationship together after she flies home from Switzerland to Brazil. Setting This novel has various different settings which all motivate the novel in various ways. Whilst Maria is a young girl, the novel is set in Brazil in a secluded town. At nineteen she travels to Rio de Janeiro, a famous city for its carnival celebrations and many dances. These two scenes encourage the novel because as a young girl her parents are poor and as she begins to travel she wants to earn a decent salary to be able to support her family. As a young girl Maria also dreams to have the typical lifestyle and a glittery life and by moving from a secluded area to a populated town, Marias dream is truly reflected. The novel then takes the reader to Geneva in Switzerland then to Rue de Berne, down town from Geneva where sadly she becomes a prostitute but meets Ralf Hart. Genre The genre of Eleven Minutes is romance because of the relationships between Maria and her clients. Although Maria didnt fall in love with her many clients, she fell in love with a man who had occasionally entered The Copacabana and then paid for a night with her. The two endured sex and love and experienced what is called sacred sex in the novel. The genre could also be true life drama as the story line is based on a persons life but is altered in ways so that it isnt simply a biography. I say this because Maria experiences prostitution that is portrayed through everyday life although it is often not spoken about. Aspects I liked I enjoyed the fact that Maria finally realised that prostitution was not the way she should live her life and that although after another year she would have earned enough money to pursue her lifelong dreams and give her parents the life they had dreamed of, she left Geneva in order to live her life a better way. The novel also helped me to gain insight that there is a different side of earning a living and that prostitution is a settlement that young women make. I also enjoyed the fact that Ralf Hart went through effort in order to please Maria at the airport. It was the typical tender moment that every hopeless romantic will love. Despite this, I didnt enjoy that the novel ending in this way as I felt that the ending was a clichà © in comparison to the novel. I feel that the reader is able to imagine the ending before actually reading it which spoils the novel as it involves deep discussion about prostitution but then changes to a typical romance. Recommendations I would recommend this novel to any high school child that is sophisticated and mature to read about sexual relationships and prostitution. The novel is very open regarding the subjects sex and love and defines that sex without love is of no use. Saying this, I would specifically recommend this novel to teenage girls over the age of 17 because the theme, prostitution can be offensive to those who do not have an open mind. The novel discusses prostitution which is not an everyday topic although it can be a part of everyday life for certain people and it involves deep descriptions about sex and the discovery of sex in different ways. I would also recommend this novel to a woman who feels that they were once just a sexual object for men as the novel suggests female sexuality although it is explained through prostitution.